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GEOG 1101 Ch. 8
key terms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Agrarian | referring to the culture of agricultural communities and the type of tenure system that determines access to land and the kind of cultivation practices employed there. |
| Agribusiness | a set of economic and political relationships that organizes agro-food production from the development of seeds to the retailing and consumption of the agricultural product. |
| Agriculture | a science, an art, and a business directed at the cultivation of crops and the raising of livestock for sustenance and for profit. |
| Commercial agriculture | farming primarily for sale, not direct consumption. |
| Crop rotation | method of maintaining soil fertility in which the fields under cultivation remain the same, but the crop being planted is changed. |
| Famine | acute starvation associated with a sharp increase in mortality. |
| Fast food | edibles that can be prepared and served, very quickly, sold in a restaurant and than served to customers in packaged form. |
| Food security | a person, a household, or even a country has assured access to enough food at all times to ensure active and healthy lives. |
| Food sovereignty | the right of peoples, communities, and countries to define their own agricultural, labor, fishing, food, and land policies that are ecologically, socially, economically, & culturally appropriate to their unique circumstances. |
| Globalized agriculture | a system of food production increasingly dependent upon an economy and set of regulatory practices that are global in scope and organization. |
| Genetically Modified Organism (GMO) | any organism that has had its DNA modified in a lab rather than through cross-pollination or other forms of evolution. |
| Green revolution | the export of a technological package of fertilizers and high-yielding seeds, from the core to the periphery, to increase global agricultural productivity. |
| Hunting and Gathering | activities whereby people feed themselves through killing wild animals and fish and gathering fruit, roots, nuts, and other edible plants to sustain themselves. |
| Intensive Subsistence Agriculture | practice that involves the effective and efficient use ---- usually through a considerable expenditure of human labor & application of fertilizer --- of a small parcel of land in order to maximize crop yield. |
| Organic farming | any farming or animal husbandry that occurs without commercial fertilizers, synthetic pesticides or growth hormones. |
| Pastoralism | subsistence activity that involves the breeding and herding of animals to satisfy the human needs of food, shelter, and clothing. |
| Shifting cultivation | a system in which farmers aim to maintain soil fertility by rotating the fields within which cultivation occurs. |
| Slash-and-Burn | the system of cultivation in which plants are cropped close to the ground, left to dry for a period, and then ignited. |
| Subsistence agriculture | farming for direct consumption by the producers; not for sale. |
| Undernutrition | inadequate intake of one or more nutrients and/or calories. |
| Urban agriculture | the establishment or performance of agricultural practices in or near an urban or city-like setting. |
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kbtwomey
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