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renal system cont.
patho
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| involves S2,3 and 4 levels of the cord, parasympathetic innervation of the detrusor muscle and relazation of internal and external sphincters | Micturition reflex |
| kidney recieives 1200ml blood/min or about | 1/5 of the cardiac output |
| glomerular filtration rate | 155ml/min |
| measured by creatinine clearence rate | GFR |
| normal clearance rate is between 110-125 ml/min | creatinine |
| requires 24 hour urine sample and only one blood sample | creatinine clearence test |
| most exactly measured by insulin clearance and is not very practicle | GFR |
| auto regulation occurs over the BP ranges | 80-180 |
| keeps blood flow constant and glomerular filtration rate constant | auto regulation |
| capillary tuft | flomerulus |
| very permeable to small soulutes and water | glomerular capillaries |
| protein may be found in the ultrafiltrate if the kidneys are | diseased |
| situated between the afferent and efferent arterioles of the glomerulus. means "near" | Juxtaglomerular apparatus |
| secrete renin and sense pressure | Juxtaglomerular cells |
| sense sodium (Na+) and help to regulate renin secretion | macula densa cells |
| freely filtered not reabsorbed and only slightly secreted by the tubules | creatinine |
| normal is 110-125ml/min | GFR |
| as much as 80% of the flitrate is reabsorbed into the capillaries that line the tubules of | Proximal tubule |
| reabsorption is done through | active transport |
| important in the final regulation of water balance and acid base balance | distal tubules |
| final urine concentration is controlled by | ADH |
| final urine sodium controled by | Aldosterone |
| water reabsorption is completed | collecting duct |
| infection anywhere along the urinary tract | UTI |
| most common bacteria in UTI's | E.coli |
| infection in the bladder | cystitis |
| infection in the kidney, acute or chronic inflammatiory process of renal pelvis and parenchyma of kidney from bacterial invasion | pyelonephritis |
| S&S of pyelonephritis | chills, fever, flank pain, malaise, comiting and bacteruria, foul smelling urine |
| reason UTI's are most comon in female adults and children | short urethra |
| associated with preterm labor | Pyelonephritis |
| bilateral inflammatory disease of the kidney | Glomerulonephritis |
| classically follows Group A B-hemolytic streptococcal infection of throat, affects children ages 3-7, protein and blood cells cross into urine space, GFR decreases resulting in retention of water, sodium and nitrogenous waste products | Acute glomerulonephritis |
| S&S fatigue, anorexia, fever, headache, nausea and vomiting, increased BUN, proteinuria, increased creatinine, edema, hypertension, hematuria, and hypoalbuminemia | Acute glomerulonephritis |
| an autoimmune disease where there are antibodies directed against the basement membrane of the glomerulus, has no recovery hemodialysis or transplant is required for this patient | Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis |
| slow progressive destruction of glomerulus cause often is unknown | chronic glomerulonephritis |
| gradual loss of renal function, polyuria, nocturia, oliguria, proteninuria, hematuria, and increased BP | chronic glomerulonephritis |
| excess nitrogenous waste products in theh blood, incresed BUN and creatinine which is an early sign of renal failure | azotemia |
| retention of toxic wastes, electrolyte disorders and nitrogenous wast products, is a syndrome of renal failure | uremia |
| back up of urine in the urerter | hydroureter |
| kidney stones | calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate, uric acid |
| rapid decline in renal function, increased BUN and creatinine, output is | (blank) |
| rapid decline in renal function, increased BUN and creatinine, output is less than 400ml/day mortality rate about 50%, considered under three major diagnostic categories | Acute renal failure |
| perfusion problem, drcreased cardiac output, hypovolemia, shock pooling of bolld casoconstriction where there is decreased perfusion of the kidney | prerenal |
| obstruction to bladder outlet, bilateral ureteral obstruction patient my be anuric followed by polyuria if obstruction is removed | postrenal |
| due to ischemia or nephrotoxins:x-ray contrast media, drugs like antiviotics, blood pigments, mercury aminoglycosides. acute tubular necrosis is often a resulf of untreatable ischemia | intrarenal |
| tells you that you have tubular necrosis | intrarenal |
| large quanities of myoglobin are relased into the blood from the muscle cell contents, kidneys ability to excrete thses substances is exceeded | Rhabdomyolysis |
| major sighn and symptom is decreased urinary output | prerenal oliguria dn intrarenal renal disease |
| FE% less than 1% | prerenal |
| FE% greater than 1% | intrarenal |
| progressive irreversible destruction of both kidneys has 3 stages | chronic renal failure |
| serum creatinine and BUN levels are normal patiens is asympotmatic | deminished renal reserve |
| GFR is about 25% of normal BUN and creatinine are increased slightly and patient has fatigue weakness, headache, nocturia, and poyluria | innsufficiency |
| major lab value to measure patients progression in chronic renal failure or ESRD | plasma creatinine |
| renal disease more common in males agese 2-3 years old presents with frothy urine from protien in the urine an with edema cause is unknown | Primary nephrotic syndrome |
| genetic renal problems are often associated with facial or ear problems. failure of the kidney to grow or develop more often in males | renal agenesis |
Created by:
dnoyes
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