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Crisis test 7
Stress and coping
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| stress | stress is an experience a person is exposed to, through a stimulus or stressor |
| Stressor | are disruptive forces operating within or on any systme. |
| appraisal | is how people interpret the impact of the stressor on themselves of what is happening, and what they are able to do about it |
| fight-or-flight response | to stress which is arousal of the sympathetic nervous system. this reaction prepare a person for action by increasing heart rate; diverting blood from the intestines to the brain and striated muscles and increasing blood pressure respiratory rate. |
| trauma | if symptoms of stress persist beyond tghe duration of the stressor. |
| crisis | result from stress overwhelming a person's existing coping mechanisms |
| general adaptation syndrome | a three-stage reaction to stress. the GAS describes how the body responds to stressors through the alarm reaction, the resistance stage and the exhaustion stage. gas is triggered directly by physical event or indirectly by psychological event. |
| alarm reaction | rising hormone levels result in increased blood volume, blood glucose levels, epinephrine, and norepinephrine amounts, heart rate, blood flow to muscles, oxygen intake and mental alertness. pupils dilate if stressor remains goes to next level |
| resistance stage | the body stabilizes and respond in an opposite manner to the alarm reaction. hormones levels, heart rate, blood pressure and cardiac output return to normal and body repairs any damage. if stressor remains goes to next level |
| exhaustion stage | occurs when the body is no longer able to resist the effects of the stressor and when the body has depleted the energy necessary to maintain adaptation. the physiological response has intensified, compromise energy level, adaptation diminishes, death |
| primary appraisal | evaluating an event for its personal meaning |
| secondary appraisal | focuses on possible coping strategies |
| coping | is a person's effort to manage psychological stress. effectiveness of coping strategies depends on the individual's needs. |
| ego-defense mechanisms | the purpose of which is to regulate emotional distress and thus give a person protection from anxiety and stress |
| compensation | is making up for deficiency in one aspect of self image by strongly emphasizing a feature considered an asset. |
| conversion | is unconsciously repressing an anxiety-producing emotional conflict and transforming it into nonorganic symptoms |
| denial | is avoiding emotional conflicts by refusing to consciously acknowledge anything that cause intolerable emotional pain |
| displacement | is transferring emotions, ideas or wishes from a stressful situation to a less anxiety-producing substitue |
| identification | is patterning behavior after that of another person and assuming that person's qulities, characteristics, and actions |
| dissociation | is experiencing a subjective sense of numbing and a reduced awareness of one's surroundings |
| regression | is coping with a stressor through actions and behaviors associated with an earlier developmental period. |
| post traumatic stress disorder | begins with the person experiencing, witnessing or being confronted with a traumatic event and responding with intense fear, helplessness, or horror. other criteria: 1 reexperiencing symptom, displaying marked avoidance of anything that reminds of trauma |
| developmental crisis | occurs as people move through life stages, marriage, birth and death |
| situational crisis | can be provoked by external source, job change, a motor vehicle crash, a death or severe illness |
| situational factors | Job changes, either one's own or family member, relocation, chronic illness; paying for treatment or limited access to providers |
| maturational factors | stressors vary with life stages |
| sociocultural factors | environment and social stressors lead to developmental problems, potential factors that affect any age-group |
| Nursing diagnosis for stress and coping | anxiety, caregiver role strain, ineffective coping, fear, risk for post-trauma syndrome, insomnia, and self-esteem disturbance. |
| Health promotion | regular exercise, support systems, time management, guided imagery and visualization, progressive muscle relaxation, assertiveness training, journal writing, and stress management |
| crisis intervention | is a specific type of brief psychotherapy with prescribe steps. This is more directive than traditional psychotherapy or counseling, and any member of the health care team who has been trained in its techniques can use it. |
| Crisis | is resolved generally in 6 weeks. crisis intervention aims to return the person to a precrisis level of functioning and to promote growth. |
| flashbacks | or recurrent and intrusive recollections of the traumatic event. |
Created by:
azchic1973
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