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Hodge Test 2 NC1

NC1 Hodge GU Test 2

QuestionAnswer
Functions of the Urinary/Renal System? Maintain body's homeostasis, regulates fluids and electrolytes, removes waste, provides hormones for RBC production, bone metabolism and the control of BP (RAAS).
What strucures are included in the Urinary/Renal System? Kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra
What's the functional unit of the kidney? Nephron!
What are the kidneys dependent upon? Renal blood flow
If you have an orders for both a "Culture and Sensitivity " (C and S) and an antibiotic, which do you do first? A "C and S" is done first because an antibiotic would change the environment.
What does a Creatnine:BUN tell us? Tells us hydration status (not renal function!)
What are three causes of black tarry stool? Upper GI bleed, Pepto Bismal and Iron
What bacteria causes UTIs? E. coli
During the assessment of the Urine/Renal System, what should you be asking about? Patient knowledge, psychosocial and emotional factors (i.e. fear, anxiety), voiding habits/patterns, fluid intake, hygiene, presence of pain/discomfort, allergies.
What's the capacity of a normal adult bladder? 300-500 mL
Possible nursing diagnosis for complications of the Urinary/Renal System? Deficient knowledge, pain and/or fear
Patient goals related to the Urinary/Renal System? Understanding the procedures, tests and expected behaviors, decreased pain or absence of discomfort and/or decreased apprehension and fear.
Nursing interventions related to the Urinary/Renal System? Patient teaching (explaining tests and procedures), encourage fluid intake (unless contraindicated), encourage methods to reduce discomfort (relaxation techniques or Sitz bath), administer analgesics and antispasmodics as prescribed and assess voiding.
A 24 hour urine collection is set to begin at 01:00. When should the nurse begin the procedure? The nurse begins the procedure after discarding the 01:00 urine. Also, urine collections must be keep refridgerated.
TRUE OR FALSE. A UTI is the most common reason people seek health care. FALSE. It's the second most common reason!
What three parts of the Urinary/Renal System are affected in a lower UTI? Bladder (Cystitis), Prostate (Prostatitis) and Urethra (Urethritis).
What three things could cause an upper UTI? Pyelonephritis (in kidney body, can be acute or chronic), interstitial nephritis or renal abscess/peri-renal abscess.
What factors contribute to a UTI? Decreased funtion of glycosaminoglycan (GAG, which is the body's natural defense against bacteria), Urethrovesical or uretherovescal reflux (backwards flow of urine), uropathogenic bacteria, women having a shorter urethra, poor hygiene, older populations.
S&S of a UTI? Pain and burning upon urination, frequenceny, nocturia, incontinence, suprapublic, pelvic or back pain, hematuria or changes in urine or urinary pattern. **About half are asymptomatic**
During the assessment for a possible UTI, what should you be looking for? Voiding patterns, contraceptive practices, personal hygiene and the association of symptoms with sexual intercourse. Also, gerontological considerations
TRUE OR FALSE. Elderly patients often lack the typical symtoms of UTI and sepsis. TRUE
How to avoid UTIs? Avoid indwelling catheters (or take appropriate care of them), practice good personal hygiene, increase fluid intake, avoid urinary tract irritants (coffee, tea, citur, spices, cola or alocohol, or anything else with tannins) and void frequently.
Is urinary incontinence a normal side effect of aging? NO
Risk factors for urinary incontinence. Age, female, having lots of kids vaginally, drinking lots of caffeine. If men suffere from incontinence, it's usually related to the prostate.
Types of urinary incontinece. Stress (cough or sneeze), urge (can't control), reflex, overflow (often affects nurses because they have to hold it for so long), functional (structural), iatrogenic (as a result of the healthcare setting) or mixed (a combination of some of the above).
What is urinary retention? The inability of the bladder to empty completely (promotes bacterial growth)
Causes of urinary retention? Age (500-100 mL in adults older than 60 due to decreased detrusor muscle activity), diabetes, prostate enlargement, pregnancy, neurologic disorders (neruogenic bladder...you can't feel!), medications.
What state has the highest prevalence of kidney stones? Florida because of all of the Ca+ in the water
Created by: TCC2013
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