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EBP Data Collection
Methods of Data Collection in EBP
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Methods that are free from researcher's bias, beliefs, and values are considered objective or subjective? | Objective |
Methods that include data collected in a uniform, consistent, or standard way are considered | Systematic |
Directness of measurement use what sort of measures? | Direct |
Oxygen saturation, Temperature, and weight are examples of which type of measurement? Indirect or Direct? | Direct |
When an element being measured cannot be seen directly this is known as a ____measure | Indirect |
Pain, Depression, Coping, and Self-Esteem are example of which type of measure? Indirect or Direct? | Indirect |
T/F: Some measurement error is always present | True |
T/F: Data collection method must be reliable and valid | True |
The difference between true measure and what is actually measured represents | Measurement error |
The difference between what really exists and what is measure in given study represents | Measurement error |
Systematic or Random? Variation in Measurement is in the same direction | Systematic |
Systematic or Random? Scores are incorrect but they are incorrect in the same direction | Systematic |
Systematic or Random? Scales may be 2 pounds more or less. | Systematic |
Systematic or Random? Rating scale to measure 'hope' may also measure 'perceived support' | Systematic |
Systematic or Random? Difference is without pattern or direction | Random |
Systematic or Random? Person taking measurement may not use same procedure each time (Measuring waist size) | Random |
Systematic or Random? Entering data in the computer. Pressing the wrong key. | Random |
Which measurement strategy includes medical records, care plans, and death certificates. Referred to as secondary analysis | Existing |
Which measurement strategy has the advantage of data precollected and includes large populations? | Existing |
Which measurement strategy enhances generalizability of finding by random sampling? | Existing |
Which measurement strategy save time and money? | Existing |
Difficulty gaining access to records is a disadvantage of which measurement strategy? | Existing |
Which measurement strategy includes deidentifying data? | Existing |
Which measurement strategy has problems with bias related to representativeness? | Existing |
Which measurement strategy is often used in healthcare research? | Physiological |
Which measurement strategy uses specialized equipment to measure physical and biological data? | Physiological |
Which measurement strategy has a standardized process of same equipment, same conditions, and same time? | Physiological |
Which measurement strategy includes laboratory tests, radiological tests, and electronic monitoring (weight, temp, BP) | Physiological |
Which measurement strategy includes objective, precise, and consistent measures? | Physiological (Unlikely subject can purposefully distort data) |
Expensive equipment is a disadvantage of which measurement strategy? | Physiological |
High levels of knowledge and training are required for which measurement strategy? | Physiological |
Which measurement strategy is at a disadvantage due to 'white coat syndrome' | Physiological |
What is it called when a persons vital signs may change due to presence of health care professional? | White Coat Syndrome |
This measurement strategy includes watching participants perform in a specific setting | Observational |
This measurement strategy is more subjective and therefor less credible | Observational |
At time this measurement strategy may be the only way to obtain data | Observational |
Due to high levels of subjectivity, it is very important to be consistent in this measurement strategy | Observational |
This measurement strategy is vulnerable to bias of observer | Observational |
Structured or Unstructured? Uses formal training & standardization of observers | Structured |
Structured or Unstructured? Specifies in advance | Structured |
Structured or Unstructured? Involves spontaneous observation and recording of what is seen | Unstructured |
Structured or Unstructured? Includes field notes and anecdotal notes | Unstructured |
This from of observational study is used if there is concern that subject's behavior will change as a result reactivity | Concealment |
When a persons behavior changes as a result of being observed | Reactivity |
This is used to inform subjects after an observation has been made | Debriefing |
This is the point in an observational study when a person has the right to refuse or question a study | Debriefing |
When the observer provokes actions from the ones being observed, this is known as an | Intervention |
Using hidden cameras, tape recorder, or one-way mirrors to watch subjects without their knowledge is known as | Concealment without intervention |
This observational study is often used with children who need to be watched without their knowledge | Concealment without intervention |
This type of observation has fallen out of favor due subjects being provoked and observed without their knowledge | Concealment with intervention |
This observational technique involves staging a situation and observing behaviors that are evoked by observers interventions | Concealment with intervention |
This observational study includes informed consent that is obtained from the subject, and then the behavior is observed | No concealment without intervention |
This observational study includes observing effects of intervention introduced for scientific purposes | No concealment with intervention |
Reactivity is a problem with this type of observational study | No concealment with intervention |
This type of study involves interviews and questionnaires | Self-Report |
This type of study gathers data about knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and feelings | Self-Report |
Interview or Questionnaire? Involves verbal communication with open or closed questions | Interview |
Interview or Questionnaire? Commonly used in qualitative and Descriptive studies | Interview |
Interview or Questionnaire? AKA instrument, scale, surver, and uses paper and pencil. | Questionnaire |
Interview or Questionnaire? Each item must measure same concept/variable. | Questionnaire |
Interview or Questionnaire? Which is less bias? | Questionnaire |
Interview or Questionnaire? Often used in descriptive studies to gather BROAD spectrum of information | Questionnaire |
Form of Self-Report including sub scores summed. Overall score, psychosocial variables, and physiological variables. | Scale |
This type of scale is based on a continuum | Rating Scale |
This type of scale rates opinions or attitudes such as pain. AKA true/false scale. | Likert-Type scale |
Interviewer bias is when | An interviewer unknowingly leads respondent to answer in a certain way. |
What sort of things should be considered with Self-Reports? | Telling the truth? People's desire to leave good impression. Socially acceptable answers |
Why might a person not be able to finish an interview or questionnaire? | Too long!!! |
Questions too difficult to answer in a reasonable amount of time is a burden of which data collecting method? | Self-Report |
Which data collecting method can often have missing data related to imcomplete or erroneous answers | Self-Report |
I or Q? Might not be sure who responded | Q |
I or Q? Some cannot participate (illiterate) | Q |
I or Q? Questions cannot be clarified | Q |
I or Q? No control over the order questions are answered | Q |
I or Q? More superficial because interviewer unable to probe | Q |
I or Q? Less expensive | Q |
I or Q? No interviewer bias | Q |
I or Q? Can be anonymous | Q |
I or Q? Able to know who is responding | I |
I or Q? Almost anyone can participate | I |
I or Q? Participant questions can be answered | I |
I or Q? Control over order of questions | I |
I or Q? Allows for more depth in data | I |
I or Q? Expensive | I |
I or Q? Interviewer bias a threat | I |
I or Q? Anonymity not possible | I |