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Clinical Pharm.
Test II, N101
Question | Answer |
---|---|
the study of drug action | pharmacology |
Looking at different chemicals & how they react with living organisms | pharmacology |
Cannabis Heroin LSD Mescaline | Schedule I Drugs |
V Schedules | Controlled Substances |
high potential for abuse | Schedule I & II |
no currently accepted medical use in treatment in the United States | Schedule I |
lack of accepted safety for use of the drug or other substance under medical supervision | Schedule I |
Cocaine Ritalin, Adderall Opium Methadone Dilaudid Demerol | Schedule II Drugs |
currently accepted medical use in treatment in the United States | Schedule II, III, IV & V |
Abuse may lead to severe psychological or physical dependence | Schedule II |
potential for abuse less other drugs | Schedule III |
Abuse may lead to moderate physical dependence or high psychological dependence | Schedule III |
Anabolic steroids Ketamine Hydrocodone Paragoric | Schedule III Drugs |
low potential for abuse | Schedule IV |
Abuse of the drug may lead to limited physical dependence or psychological dependence | Schedule IV & V |
Benzodiazepins Zolpidem Barbituates Chloral Hydrate | Schedule IV Drugs |
Very little chance of dependence | Schedule V |
Lyrica Lomotil Promethazine + codeine | Schedule V Drugs |
assigned by the manufacturer that first develops the drug, active ingredient | Generic Name |
selected by the drug company that has the copyright and sells the drug | Trade Name |
Acetaminophen | Tylenol |
ASA | Aspirin |
Ibuprofen | Motrin |
Lorazepam | Adapin |
Furosemide | Lasix |
Levoflaxacin | Leviquan |
Diphenhydramine | Benedryl |
What happens to the drug | Pharmacokinetics |
What happens to the body | Pharmacodynamics |
drugs alter “the action of” cell physiology | Pharmacodynamics |
depressing stimulating destroying cells [cytotoxic] irritation replacing substances | Five main drug actions |
Absorption Distribution Metabolism Excretion | Four stages |
Drug enters body --> bloodstream | Absorption |
laxative irritates bowels to produce peristalsis | Irritation |
Vitamins, minerals, etc. | Replacing substances |
Subcutaneous | SC |
Intramuscular | IM |
Tube into stomach | Enterol Med |
Injected in bone | Interosteos |
Quicker than PO but slower than IV | SC |
Blood drawn 10 mins. prior to administering the next dose - levels at the lowest | trough level |
About 30 mins. after dose is administered - levels at the highest | peak level |
ways in which drugs are transported by the circulating body fluids to the sites of action (receptors), metabolism, and excretion | distribution |
metabolism | biotransformation |
process by which the body inactivates the medications/ drugs | metabolism |
Most oral medications are metabolized by the | liver |
drug extremely toxic to the liver | Tylenol |
Liver GI tract Lungs Kidneys | Metabolism processors |
Main processor of metabolism is the | liver |
elimination of metabolites of drugs, and in some cases, the active drug itself from the body | Excretion |
Most drugs excreted through | Urine |
Most drugs excreted by | Kidneys |
The client has been on a low-protein diet. This will most likely affect which pharmacokinetic process? | Distribution |
Enter -> _______ (blood) -> Distribution (circulation) -> Metabolism (liver) -> Excretion (kidneys) -> Exit | Absorption |
Enter -> Absorption (blood) -> _______ (circulation) -> Metabolism (liver) -> Excretion (kidneys) -> Exit | Distribution |
Enter -> Absorption (blood) -> Distribution (circulation) -> _________ (liver) -> Excretion (kidneys) -> Exit | Metabolism |
Enter -> Absorption (blood) -> Distribution (circulation) -> Metabolism (liver) -> ______ (kidneys) -> Exit | Excretion |
50% of drug elimination | Half-life |
subject's reaction to drug decreases so that larger doses are required to achieve the same effect | Drug Tolerance |
compulsion to take a drug to produce a desired effect or prevent unpleasant effects when the drug is withheld | Drug Dependence |
occurs when the action of one drug is altered by the action of another drug | Drug Interactions |
2 drugs help to do the same thing | Synergistic Effect |
administer drug to counteract another drug already given | Antagonistic Effect |