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Found in Nurs Ch. 24
Emergency First Aid Nursing
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| ABCs | Airway, Breathing, Circulation |
| Air Embolism | An abnormal circulatory condition in which air travels through the bloodstream and becomes lodged in a blood vessel. |
| Biologic Death | Results from permanent cellular damage caused by lack of oxygen |
| Bioterrorism | Use of bilogic agents to create fear and threat in a terrorist act. |
| Brain Death | Irreversible form of unconciousness characterized by a complete loss of brain function while the heart continues to beat. Legal definition varies from state to state. |
| Cardiac Arrest | Sudden cesation of functional circulation. |
| Cardiopulmonary Resucitation (CPR) | Basic emergency procedure for life support, consisting of artificial respiration and manual external cardiac massage. |
| Clinical Death | Occurs when heartbeat and respiration have ceased. |
| Contusions | An injury that does not break the skin, is caused by a blow, and is characterized by edema, discoloration and pain. |
| Crepitus | Sound that resembles the cracking noise heard when rubbing hair between the fingers or throwing salt on an open fire. |
| Cyanosis | Slightly bluish, gray, slatelike, or dark purple discoloration of the skin, resulting in the presence of abnormally reduced amounts of oxygenated hemoglobin in the blood. |
| Ecchymoses | Bruise; Discoloration of an area of the skin or mucous membrane caused by the extravasation of blood into the subcutaneous tissue. |
| Emergency medical Services (EMS) | National network of services coordinated to provide aid and medical assistance from primary response to definitive care, involving personnel trained in the rescue, stabilization, transportation, and advanced treatment of traumatic or medical emergencies. |
| Endemic | The expected or normal incidence native to or occuring naturally to a specific area or environment. |
| Epidemic | disease rapidly emerging at an uncharacteristic time or in an unusual pattern. |
| Epistaxis | Nosebleed; Hemmorrahge from the nose. |
| Epistaxis Digitorum | Self inflicted local digital trauma (i.e..from nose picking) |
| Flail Chest | Two or more ribs fractured in tow or more laces resulting in instability in part of the chest wall with associated hemothorax, pneumothorax, and ;umonary contusion. |
| Good Samaratin Laws | legal stipulation for protection of those who give first aid in emergency situation. |
| Hematemesis | Vomitting blood. |
| Hematuria | Blood in urine. |
| Hemoptysis | Coughing up blood; Expectorating blood from the respiratory tract. |
| Hemothorax | Collection of blood into the pleural space. |
| Melena | Abnormal, black, tarry stool containing digested blood. |
| Oliguria | A diminished capacity to form and pass urine (less than 500 ml in 24 hours); result is that the end products of metabolism cannot be excreted efficiently. |
| Pleural Space | The potential space between the visceral and pariatel layers of the pleurae. |
| Pneumothorax | A collection of air or gas in the pleural space, causing the lung to collapse. |
| Shock | Abnormal condition of inadequate blood flow to peripheral tissues, with life-threatening cellular disfunction, hypotension, and oliguria. |
| Stridor | Harsh sound made during respirations; hifh pitched and resembling the blowing wind; due to obstruction of air passages. |
| Tachycardia | An abnormal condition in which they myocardium contracts regularly but at a rate greater than 100 beats per minute. |
| Terrorism | Use of threats of violence by individuals or organized groups using biological, chemical, or nuclear weapons against society or government for political gain. |
| Tetanus Toxoid | Active agent preparted from detoxified tetanus toxin that produces an antigenic response in the body, conferring permanent immunity to tetanus infection. |
| Triage | Process of classifying a group of patients as to the severity of injury and need of care. |
| The priority assesment to make of a victim at the scene of a car accident is whether or not the victim has a patent ___________. | airway |
| When caring for a victim who has a head injury and is developing shock, the nurse should leave the victim in what position? | flat |
| The nurse finds an unconcious woman in a car that is on fire. She is breathing, her arm is fractured, and she has several lacerations that are bleeding frofusely. What should the nurse do first? | Get the woman out of the car. |
| A new potential environmental health threat is the possibility of what? | Bioterrorism. |
| When giving one- or two-person CPR to adults and children, the nurse should use the universal comprlession: ventilation ration of ______chest compressions for every ____breaths. | 30 chest compressions for every 2 breaths. |
| The compression rate for one- or two-rescuer CPR for adults and children is approximately ________compressions per minute. | 100 compressions per minute. |
| In the case of multiple injuries, patients are quickly surveyed for severity of injuries so that life threatening problems can be treated first. What is this practice called? | Triage |
| How is shock defined? | Inadequate tissue perfusion. |
| What events necessitate the need for CPR? | 1) Cardiac Arrest 2) Drowning 3) Electrical Shock 4) Anaphylactic Reaction 5) Asphixiation 6) Drug overdose 7) Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) |
| What information should you convey in a medical emergency? | 1)Name of person making call 2) Location of Emergency 3) What happened 4) If threat still exists 5) # of people needing help 6) Victim name/age 7) Obvious Injuries 8) First aid given 9) medical history/bracelet 10) physical characteristics of rescue |
| What are the only reasons CPR can be stopped, once it is started? | 1) Victim recovers 2) Rescuer is exhausted and not able to continue CPR 3) Trained medical personnel arrive at scene and take over 4) Licensed physician arrives on scene and pronounces victim dead and orders CPR stopped. |
| Does a licensed LVN need to obtain permission to treat any patient, even in an emergency situation? | Yes |
| What are the two purposes of CPR? | 1) To keep the lungs supplied with oxygen when breathing has stopped. 2) To keep the blood circulating and carrying oxygen to the brain, the heart, and other parts of the body. |
| What are the reasons that individuals choose not to become involved with CPR? | 1) lack of motivation 2) fear of doing harm 3) lack of knowledge 4) fear of contracting communicable diseases. |
| How do you determine breathlessness? | * LOOK for rise and fall of chest * LISTEN for sounds of breathing * FEEL for the warmth of the victims mouth against your cheek. |
| Fracture | Break in continuity of bone. |
| Dislocations occur where? | In the joints |
| When dealing with heat injuries, it is important to do what with the victim? | Cool them as quickly as possible, moving him or her to a cool area. |
| What body temperature is considered to be hypothermic? | lower than the normal level of 95* F (35* C) |
| At what body temperature does shivering cease? | 90* F (32.2* C) |
| What information do you need to have available when contacting the Poison Control Center in an emergency? | 1) Weight of patient 2) Age of patient 3) Substance ingested, inhaled, or injected 4) How much was taken 5) When it was taken 6) Other drugs and routes used 7) Patient current status |
| What are the basic rules for first aid treatment after the ABCs? | 1) stop bleeding 2) Treat for shock 3) Prevent infection |
| Why should you never place ice directly to a patients skin? | Because it can "burn" the tissue. Use a cloth or towel to act as a barrier. |
| If a victim is able to cough forcibly, the air exchange is good, and although they may be wheezing between coughs, you should NOT interfere at this point. True or False | True |
| What is first aid? | The immediate, TEMPORARY, assistance given to aperson who is injured or has become ill. |
Created by:
losmica
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