Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Hypertension 33
lewis HTN 33
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is blood pressure determined by | Systemic vascular resistance and cardiac output |
| What does abnormally high blood pressure lead to | excessive contraction of arteries, kidney disease, stroke, and heart attack |
| What is cardiac output controlled by | Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and Naturitic peptides |
| What is systemic vascular resistance controlled by | Vasocontrictors-Angiotensin, norepinephrine Vasodilators-prostaglandins |
| What is pulse pressure | difference between SBP and DBP |
| When is it increased | atherosclerosis |
| When is it decreased | CHF and Hypovolemia |
| What is Map and what does it measure | perfusion of organs must be above 60 |
| What accounts for 90-95% of cases of HTN | Primary or essential |
| When is HTN classified as Pre-HTN | 120-139 or 80-89 |
| When is HTN classified as Stage 1 | 140-159 or 90-99 |
| When is HTN classified as Stage 2 | greater than 160 or greater than 100 |
| What are risk factor for Primary HTN | Age,African American, high sodium intake |
| What does altered angiotensin mechanism cause | increased aldosterone and fluid retention |
| What does stress and SNS mechanism cause | increased vasoconstriction, HR, and Renin release |
| What does insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia cause | stimulates SNS and vasodilator response |
| What is blood pressure determined by | Systemic vascular resistance and cardiac output |
| What does abnormally high blood pressure lead to | excessive contraction of arteries, kidney disease, stroke, and heart attack |
| What is cardiac output controlled by | Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and Naturitic peptides |
| What are urinalysis indications of renal disease | protein and hematuria |
| What is systemic vascular resistance controlled by | Vasocontrictors-Angiotensin, norepinephrine Vasodilators-prostaglandins |
| What serum or blood studies indicate HTN | serum electrolytes, glucose, creatnine, lipids, |
| What is pulse pressure | difference between SBP and DBP |
| What does ECG show in HTN | ischemic heart disease |
| When is it increased | atherosclerosis |
| What does echo show | LV hypertrophy |
| When is it decreased | CHF and Hypovolemia |
| What is Map and what does it measure | perfusion of organs must be above 60 |
| What accounts for 90-95% of cases of HTN | Primary or essential |
| When is HTN classified as Pre-HTN | 120-139 or 80-89 |
| When is HTN classified as Stage 1 | 140-159 or 90-99 |
| When is HTN classified as Stage 2 | greater than 160 or greater than 100 |
| What are risk factor for Primary HTN | Age,African American, high sodium intake |
| What does altered angiotensin mechanism cause | increased aldosterone and fluid retention |
| What does stress and SNS mechanism cause | increased vasoconstriction, HR, and Renin release |
| What does insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia cause | stimulates SNS and vasodilator response |
| What are symptoms of HTN | Fatigue, reduced activity tolerance, palpitations, angina, dyspnea |
| What are complications of HTN | CAD, LVH, HF, kidney damage, PAD, and retinal damage |
| What are urinalysis indications of renal disease | protein and hematuria |
| What serum or blood studies indicate HTN | serum electrolytes, glucose, creatnine, lipids, |
| What does ECG show in HTN | ischemic heart disease |
| What does echo show | LV hypertrophy |
| What does eye exam show | retinal hemmorhage, AV nicking, and papilldoma |
| What eight loss is significant | 10-20 lbs show decrease in BP of 5-20 mmHg |
| What exercise level is recommended | 30 min aerobic 3 times per week |
| What is DASH diet plan | enphasizes fruits and vegetables, fat free milk products, whole grains, fish and poultry, beans,seeds and nuts |
| What is the most important role of the nurse in HTN diagnosis | TEACHING |
| Where do central adrenergic antagonist act | vasomotor Block SNS response |
| Where do peripheral adrenergic antagosist act | Sympathetic ganglion to vasomotor center Block SNS response |
| Where do Beta blockers act | Inhibit Renin release |
| Where do ACE inhibitors act | block production of angiotensin I |
| Where do angiotensin II blockers act | block angiotensin II from constriction blood vessels |
| Where do diuretics act | decrease sodium absorption |
| Where do calcium channel blockers, and direct arterial vasodilators act | block vasoconstriction |
| What med is used to counteract the baroreceptor | bet blocker |
| What med counteracts the concentrating effect of the kidneys | Ace inhibitor, ARB, or aldosterone inhibitor |
| What symptoms are often the reason for noncompliance with cardiac meds | Orthostatic hypotension, sexual dysfunction,dry mouth, and frequent urination |
| What is the result of diruetics | decrease blood volume, preload, cardiac output, and BP |
| What are 4 types of diuretics and where do they act | Loop-loop of henle Thiazide-proximal distal renal tubule Potassium sparing-distal renal tubule and collecting duct Osmotic-creates osmotic force in the lumen of the nephron (proximal convoluted tubule |
| Which diuretic is used for massive and quick diuresis and/or renal impairment | Loop Diuretics |
| Which diuretics are only PO | Thiazides |
| Which diuretics can increase glucose | Loop and Thiazides |
| Which diuretics cause skin reactions | thiazide and loop |
| Which diuretics can't be given with Sulfa allergy | Loops |
| Which diuretics are dosed daily | Thiazide and potassium sparing |
| Which diuretics are dosed twice daily | loop |
| What are dietary sources of potassium | bananas,orange or yellow fruits and vegetables, beans, potato |
| What teaching is needed with diuretics | hyperglycemia, NSAIDs reduce effectiveness and gout flares |
| What labs are monitored with diuretics | k+ and Mag |
| What are common diuretics | Lasix, HCTZ, spiolactone,diuril,mannitol |
| What are central acting adrenergic inhibitors | Catapres,aldomet,wytensin |
| What are peripheral acting adrenergic inhibitors | Reserpine,beDta blockers |
| How do beta blockers work | block catecholamine production which decreases HR and decreases renin |
| Why do you have to wean off BB | in diabetics it blunts hypoglcemia symptoms |
| What are common beta blockers | Tenormin, lopressor, toprol and olol's |
| What does hydralazine do | dilate arterioles, decrease afterload, and increase CO |
| What does Nitro do | dilates veins, decreases preload, CO, |
| What are adverse effects of vasodilators | postural hypotension, reflex tachycardia, and increased blood voulume |
| What is drug of choice in hypertensive crisis | Nipride-IV, immediate onset |
| What NI must be done when administering Nipride | BP every minute |
| What are adverse effects of Nipride | extreme hypotension, cyanide posioning, and thiocyanate toxicity |
| What is Angiotensin II | Neurohormone that promotes sodium and water retention, stimulates SNS, and promotes atherosclerosis |
| What do ACE inhibitors do | block the formation of angiotensin II |
| What are NI for Ace inhibitors or ARB | Monitor electrolytes, creatnine, fluid status, and blood pressure |
| What is a common side effect of ACE inhibitors or ARB | dry hacking cough |
| What teaching for ACE inhibitors or ARB | avoid alcohol and salt subtitutes |
| What are Angiotensin Receptor Blocker (ARB) | Block the receptor site of angiotensin II |
| What are ARB's | Benicar, coozar, Diovan |
| What are drug interactions for ACE inhibitors or ARB | potassium supplements, potassium sparing diuretics, and Lithium |
| What is the action of CCB | dilation of arterioles, decreased HR and afterload |
| What are S/E of CCB | Bradycardia, headache |
| What is a food interaction with CCB | grapefruit juice |
| What are some of the reasons for hypertension resistant HTN | Corticosteroids, licorice, erythropoetin, oral contraceptives, excessive alcohol intake |
| HTN in older persons | wide gap between korotkoff and subsequent beats white coat hypertension |
| What consistutes a Hypertensive crisis or malignant HTN | Severe increase in BP Evidence of acute target organ damage |
| How is malignant HTN treated | Direct Vasodilators-titrated to MAP monitor cardiac and renal function Neuro checks Bring BP down gradually investigate cause Teaching |
Created by:
garrisonl
Popular Nursing sets