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Urinary key points
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the most common infection in women | UTI |
| What is primary organism in UTI | E-coli |
| What are symptoms of UTI | dysuria, frequency, and cloudy urine |
| What are symptoms from elderly patients | abdominal discomfort and cognitive impairment |
| What teaching is done for UTI prevention | wipe front to back, empty bladder frequently, adequate po intake, and complete antibiotic therapy |
| What labs are done to diagnose UTI | clean catch urine and culture |
| What are symptoms of acute pyelonephritis | fever, nausea, vomiting, costovertebral angle tenderness and pyuria |
| Treatment for acute pyelonephritis is | fluids, rest, and antibiotic therapy |
| Goal of urinary infection treatment | preserve renal function and prevent sepsis |
| What can chronic pyelonephritis cause | small scarred kidneys and decreased function |
| What is nehrolithiasis | kidney stone disease |
| What are symptoms of acute renal colic | SEVERE abdominal or flank pain, nausea and vomiting, pale and diaphoretic |
| How are kidney stones diagnosed | urinalysis, ct scan and IVP |
| What is immediate nursing care for kidney stones | pain relief with opiod analgesics |
| What is cause of pain in kidney stones | blockage of urethra and urethral peristalsis |
| When do patients need lithotripsy | When stones are larger than 4 mm |
| What are common complications of lithotripsy | hemturia and stents |
| Post passage of stone patients need to | icrease po intake to 3000ml/day and strain urine to collect stones |
| When is dietary management of kidney stones warrented | With repeated episodes dependant upon composition of stone |
| What is most common reason for stress incontinence in women | relaxation of pelvic floor muscles |
| what is most common reason for stress incontinence in men | BPH |
| What are kegal exercises for | to stregthen pelvic floor muscles |
| What is urge incontinence caused by | overactivity and contraction of detrusor muscle of bladder |
| What are some anticholinergic drugs used for urge incontinence | Detrol and Ditropan, estrogen creams |
| What are nursing lifestyle modifications to reduce risk factors for incontinence | weight reduction, quit smoking, reduce caffeine, and good bowel regimen |
| What is timed voiding | voiding on a fixed schedule every 2-3 hours during waking hours |
| What is habit retraining | Scheduled toileting based on individuals voiding pattern |
| What is bladder retraining | teaching urge control stratigies, self-monitoring, and reinforcement techniques |
| What are incontinece devices | pessaries and bladder neck support prostheses |
| What is a intraurethral occlusive device | worn to prevent leakage, removed for voiding |
| What is penile compression device | Mechanical compression to prevent any flow through urethra, must be released hourly to void |
| When are penile sheaths used | direct urine into drainage bag, often used after genital surgery |
| What is an ileal conduit | requires a collection device and require lifelong care |
| What is a koch pouch | contient urinary diversion with self catherization every 4-6 hours |
| what is the most common urologic problem in adult males | BPH |
| What are obstructive symptoms of BPH | difficulty in initiating urinary stream, stopping and starting, and dribbling |
| What are irritative symptoms of BPH | urinary frequency,urgency, nocturia, bladder pain and incontinence |
| What are complications of BPH | urinary retention, UTI, sepsis and renal failure |
| What lab tests are done routinely for BPH | urinalysis and urine culture |
| What are non invasive treatments for BPH | Drugs, dietary changes(no caffeine, spicy foods or sudafed) |
| What are common drugs for BPH | Cardura, hytrin and Proscar |
| Most common non-invasive treatment for BPH | Trans urethral needle ablation (TUNA) causes tissue necrosis and sometimes needs retreatment |
| Most common surgical procedure for BPH | Transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) |
| What must be assessed after TURP | continuous bladder irrigation 24-48 hrs post-op Watch for S/S of hemorrhage |
| What do you look for if outflow is less than inflow during bladder irrigation | clots or kinks in tubing, may need to manually irrigate to clear tubing |
| Complications of TURP | sphincter tone may be poor or may have retrograde ejaculation causing cloudy urine |
| What teaching is done after TURP | skin care, prevent constipation, S/S infection Drink at least 2 liters/day and urinate every 2-3 hours |
| What is one of the most common urological disorders in men | prostatitis |
| What urological disorder in men can mimic UTI | acute bacterial prostatitis |
| What are s/s of prostatitis | s/s of infection and prostate is tender to palpation |
| What are treatments for prostatitis | antiobiotics for 4 weeks and pain control with NSAIDS |
| Acute epididymitis treatment | scrotal elevation, use condoms during treatment, antibiotics for infection |
| How do you treat hydrocele | aspiration or surgically drained |
| What is varicocele | dilation of veins of testicle |
| What are symptoms of varicocele | scrotum feels wormlike, can cause infertility |
| How is varicocele treated | Surgery |
| What is testicular torsion | tenderness and swelling of testicle-emergency treatment needed |
| How is testicular torsion diagnosed | ultrasound |
| How soon must treatment occur | 4-6 hour from onset of acute pain |
| What are symptoms of testicular cancer | painless lump in scrotum, feeling of heaviness, mass is usually non-tender and firm |
| When is testicular cancer most common | men 15-34 |
| What are risk factors for Erectile dysfunction | Vascular(HTN), drug induced, Endocrine(DM,Obesity),Neurologic (Parkinsons, trauma), and Psychologic |
| What is usual etiology for sudden onset of ED | Psychologic |
| What is usual etiology for gradual onset of ED | disease process |
| Why is there increased incidence of ED in young men | use of recreational drugs |
| What drugs are used for treatment of ED | Cialis, Viagra, Levitra |
| What are contraindications and side effects of ED drugs | CI in pts taking nitrates, hearing or vision changes must be reported |
| What are non drug treatments for ED | vacuum constriction devices, intrurethral devices, and penile implants |
Created by:
garrisonl
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