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GRCC Bi121 Energy pr

GRCC BI121 Energy production Exam 2

QuestionAnswer
Where does Cell get energy from ? This is obtained from molecules via the breaking and reforming electron bonds
Exergonic Energy is released when bonds in glucose are broken
endergonic Some energy is stored in ATP (Adenosine Tri-Phosphate)
Concepts in energy transfer Substrate, oxidation, reduction, redox reactions, ATP, ADP, phosphorylation, electron shuttles, electron transport chains, Aerobic, anaerobic.
Energy yielding molecule in which an enzyme acts concepts in Energy transfer:Substrate
e.g. of substrate Glucose
Concepts in energy transfer: oxidation The donation of electrons
Concepts in energy transfer: Reduction The acceptance of electrons
e.g. of reduction oxygen
Concepts in energy transfer: Redox reactions A sequence of oxidation and reduction.
Concepts in energy transfer: ATP (Adenosine TriPhosphate) the molecule of cellular energy
Concepts in energy transfer:ADP (Adenosine DiPhosphate) the result of energy release from ATP
Concepts in energy transfer: Phosphorylation Adding a phosphate to ADP to make ATP
Concepts in energy transfer: Electron Shuttles transport electrons during redox reactions.
Concepts in energy transfer: electron transport chain Series of mostly proteins with in mitochondria membrane that transfer electrons from shuttles to oxygen in a series of redox reactions.
Energy released in these transfers is converted to ATP Electron transport chain
Concepts in energy transfer:Aerobic with oxygen
Concepts in energy transfer:anaerobic without oxygen
exergonic- what does it mean? Energy exits when glucose bonds are broken.
endergonic - what does it mean? Energy is stored as ATP
Aerobic Cellular respiration Glycolysis, Citric Acid (krebs) cycle, Electron transport chain.
Aerobic Cellular respiration requires what? Oxygen
Aerobic Cellular respiration: Glycolosis Stage 1: Break down of glucose into pyruvic acid; electrons released and 2 ATP formed; NO oxygen required.
What is stage 1 of aerobic cellular respiration? Glycolosis
Is oxygen required for glycolosis No, oxygen is not required.
During what stage of aerobic cellular respiration does the breakdown of glucose and converted to pyruvic acid and electrons are released? Stage 1 - glycolosis
How many ATP are formed during glycolosis? 2 ATP
Is oxygen required for the breakdown of glucose into pyruvic acid, electrons are released to form 2 ATP. No, oxygen is not required for this step in the aerobic cell respiration referred to as step 1: glycolosis
During this step, pyruvic acid is broken down to carbon dioxide, electrons are released and 2 ATP are formed. Step 2: Citric Acid Cycle (krebs cycle)
Is Oxygen required for the citric acid cycle? Yes, oxygen is required.
Which location of the cell does step 2: Kreb Cycle occur? Mitochondrian
What location of the cell does step 1:glycolosis occur? Cytoplasm of the cell
How many ATP are formed during step 1 and 2? 2 ATP are formed in each step resulting in a total of 4 ATP formed in Glycosis and krebs cycle.
name the step in which the synthesis of 34 ATP are formed? Step 3:Electron transport chain
What is the total amount of ATP formed during Cellular respiration for each glucose molecule? 38 = 2 ATP Glycolosis 2 ATP Krebs Cycle 34 ATP Electron Transport Chain
How many ATP are used during Cellular respiration and how many are remaining? 2 ATP are used, 36 ATP are remaining.
What happens if oxygen is not available during glycolosis? Lactic acid is produced
What happens if oxygen is not available. Glycolosis can occur only- it can go to the next steps unless oxygen is present.
Anerobic respiration No oxygen, then glycolosis can only occur resulting in the production of lactic acid.
In what order does energy utilize these substrates? 1. Glucose, 2 lipids, 3 proteins
CHO Body draws from this first for energy
Why is CHO the #1 substrate used for energy? Because Sugar is breaks down easier than the other substrates.
Where do you obtain CHO? From the diet and stored CHO (Glycogen)
If there is a demand of energy, and no CHO is available, then where does body go to next? Lipids are second in line for utilization of energy
What are sources of lipids? From the diet and stored fats.
Why is lipds 2nd in line to be used as energy? Because it is the next easiest substrate that can be converted into energy
What is the very last resort body will use for energy? Protein will be used if CHO and lipids are not available.
What are sources of proteins? dietary and storage from antibodies, muscles and organs.
What condition is prevalent among people who mainly use protein as energy? Anorexics
What is the danger of proteins being used for energy for prolonged periods of time? proteins are drawn from antibodies, muscles and organs and will be damaged if their protein structure is broken down.
Created by: Wends1984
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