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Pharmacology U3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| drug-related problem seen when the same amount of drug produces less effect over time | tolerence |
| nursing interventions when giving pain meds | ask about pain regularly; assess pain systematically; believe the pt and family in their reports of pain and what relieves it; choose pain-control options appropriate for the pt, family, and setting; deliver pain meds on time; empower pt; enable control |
| signs/symptoms of overdose | sleepiness, respiratory depression |
| precautions of narcotic agonist | CNS depressant may be increased by other narcotics or alcohol,antianxiety agents, barbiturates, anesthetics, nonbarbiturate sedative-hypnotics, phenothiazines, skeletal muscle relaxants, trycyclic antidepressants; increase or decrease effects of other med |
| side effects of pain meds in general; nursing interventions to help prevent | tolerence; dependence; withdrawal symptoms - changes physically or psychologically when drug is stopped or decreased |
| scale of 1-10 to assess where pt is with pain; use face chart with pediatrics | pain scale |
| pain relief with and without medications | |
| abnormal dilation of the pupil; sphincter of the iris is paralyzed; ciliary muscles are paralyzed, blocking accomodation (switching from near to far vision and back), or adjustment focus of the eye. | mydriasis |
| antipsoratics accelerate scaline and healing for chronic psoriasis (red scales all over) | psoriasis |
| local anisthetics, artificial tears to lubricate eyes; decongestants; ocular itch; minor irritation; red eyes; adverse effects -burning, stinging, dryness, blurred vision, pup. dilation, IOP inc or dec; rebound congestion | eye drops |
| antibiotics to control superficial infections of the ear; used for prohylaxis of infections in swimmers and for removing cerumen plugs; some are steroids | otic routes |
| bath additives for treating widespread eruptions; examples are Aveeno, oatmeal bath, etc. | colloidal solutions |
| emollients, foams, gels, for topical anesthesia or healing of rectal area; used for symptomatic relief of discomfort from hemorrhoids; pt may have sensitization to product | anorectal route |
| used to sooth minor irritations in he mouth and throat; some release oxygen to provide cleansing; others contain anesthetic for pain; mouthwashes, sprays, solutions, troches, lozenges, disks | oral route |
| Meds for dry mouth | Salivart - saliva substitute; used to relieve dry mouthad throat; spray into mouth as needed |
| emollient; apply to skin to hydrate | Vitamin E |
| Used for open wet dressings in inflammatory conditions of skin; cool and dry through evaporation, which causes local vasoconstriction; moisten dressing and apply multiple layers to prevent rapid drying and cooling; reapply every 15-30 min for 48 hrs | Burow's solution |
| emollient; aspirin is the active ingredient; used creams for corns and calluses; apply directly to area daily for 2 weeks; check every 24 hours; discontinue if irritation | salycylic acid |
| smoking cessation product; do not smoke and use - will cause sickness; Nicoderm CQ, Nicotrol | nicotine patch |
| opioid analgesic; allergy, cold and cough remedy; antitussive; can be mixed with other drugs for combinatio effect; high-alert medication (can cause problems if not given correctly) | codeine |
| opioid analgesic; has been taken off the market - not available in the US; causes pronounced respiratory depression; has longer 1/2 life than Naloxone (Narcan) - the antidote | Fentanyl |
| Topical skin product used for acne; therapeutic results usually seen in 8-12 weeks | Differen |
| scabicide/peliculocide; used only 1-2 applications; sprinkle lotion on dry hair and rub into scalp | Elimite |
| burn preparation; topical antiinfective for burns; apply once or twice daily; no dressing required | Silvadene |
| antiviral used for treatment of herpes simplex; oral forms available for cold sores; purine analogue | Zovirax (acyclovir) |
| main opioid drug to which all other pain management drugs are compared; used a great deal in acute care and also in hospice setting for dying patients who have severe pain; produces sedation and euphoria; S/E sleepy, dry mouth, constipation | morphine |
| anti-infective used topically for impetigo; also used intranasally; greatest effect agains streptococcus aureus | Bactroban |
| acne product; cannot be prescribed if pregnancy test is not taken; causes severe birth defects | Accutane |
| topical steroid; one of the few steroids that can be used safely on the face, axilla, and groin, and under the breasts; comes as ointment, cream, or lotion | cortisone |
| antiglaucoma agent; beta blocker; most commonly used drug for open-angle glaucoma; artificial tears are usually used 15 minutes later | timolol (Timoptic) |
| centrally acting analgesic; used mostly to relieve mild to moderate pain; used in combination with other products for pain along or when pain and fever are both present | Ultram (tramadol) |
| non-narcotic centrally acting analgesic used mostly to relieve mild to moderate pain; also used in combinaton with other product fo pain alone or when pain and fever are both present; structurally related to methadone; can be addicitive | Darvon-N (propoxyphene) |
| Can a person become addicted to Darvocet? | Yes - less likely, but can be addictive |
| What are patients most afraid of when taking pain meds? | Becoming addicted - people who become addicted are those who take the medicine with no pain when it isn't needed |
| synthetic narcotic analgesic used primarily in detox treatment, and maintenance of heroine addicts or for severe pain; used IM when taken for pain; highly addictive | Methadone |
| narcotic antagonist that may be used to reverse overdoses of narcotics; can cause rebound effect when it wears off | Narcan (naloxone) |
| narcotic agonist analgesic; minimizes side effects of morphine; maximizes analgesic effects | Dilaudid |
| When should pain meds be taken? | before pain gets too bad, especially after surgery |
| Should narcotics be given with head injuries? | No - pt would need to stay awake; do not want them getting any more groggy than the head injury would already make them |
| non-narcotic centrally acting analgesic product mostly used to relieve mild to moderate pain, or in combination with other products for pain alone or for pain with fever; chemically similar to narcotics, but not as strong and not as high of an abuse risk | propoxyphene (Darvon-N) |
| sometimes used in combination products (such as with codeine) for relief of moderate to severe pain of an acute origin, such as post-surgical or dental pain when a tooth is pulled; are addictive and should be used briefly | acetominophen |
| synthetic narcotic analgesic with less potency than morphine; each dose of syrup should be taken in one-half glass of water, because if undiluted, it can exert a topical anasthetic effect on mucous membranes | meperidine (Demerol) |
| antiviral eye drop; use one drop on ulcerated cornea of eye q2h while awake for a maximum of 9 drops/day | Trifluridine (Viroptic) |
| topical anti-infective; comes as ointment; apply to infected area 3 times/day | bacitracin (Neosporin) |
| for management of the symptoms of CMV retinitis in immunocompromised patients | Gancyclovir |
| "-caine" drugs used for pain in eye (before suture removal or removal of foreign body) | proporacaine (Alcaine) |
| Decrease in severity of pain. Patients who do not respond to one NSAID may respond to another | ketorolac (Toradol) |
| Topical antifungal treatment of a variety of cutaneous fungal infections, including cutaneous candidiasis, tinea pedis (athlete's foot), tinea cruris (jock itch), and tinea corporis (ringworm) | Nystatin |
Created by:
akgalyean
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