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Integumentary
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Macule texture & size | PRIMARY- solely a color change, flat, and circumscribed of less than 1 cm |
| Patch size | PRIMARY- Macules larger than 1 cm in size |
| Papule caused by | PRIMARY- Something you can feel caused by superficial hardening of the skin |
| Plaque size | PRIMARY- Papules that grow together to form surface elevation wider than 1 cm |
| Vesicle contains & size & examples | PRIMARY- Elevated cavity containing free fluid, up to 1 cm (Ex: small blister, herpes) |
| Bulla size; thin or think? | PRIMARY- Vesicle larger than 1 cm in diameter; thin walled so it ruptures easily (Ex: blister, burn) |
| Wheal superficial or deep; raised or fat; color; shape; example | PRIMARY- Superficial, raised, transient and red; slightly irregular shaped due to edema Ex: mosquito bites and allergic reactions |
| Tumor suferficial or deep? size? | PRIMARY- firm or soft, deeper into dermis, larger than a few cm in diameter; benign or malignant |
| Nodule consistency, flat or elevated, size | PRIMARY- hard or soft, solid, elevated, larger than 1 cm |
| Pustule type of fluid, shape, flat or elevated, example | PRIMARY- turbid fluid (pus) in the cavity; circumscribed and elevated (ex: acne) |
| Cyst filled with?, located in which skin layers? | PRIMARY- encapsulated fluid filled cavity in dermis or subcutaneous layer |
| Telangiectasia Caused by? Visable at..? | PRIMARY- Caused by vascular dilation; permantely dilated and enlarged blood vessels that are visable on the skin surface |
| Scale | SECONDARY- Flakes of skin from shedding dead excess keratin cells |
| Lichenification due to? | SECONDARY- tightly packed set of papules produced by prolonged, intense scratching that eventually thickens the skin |
| Keloid elevated or flat? rough or smooth? | SECONDARY- hypertrophic (excessive growth) scar; resulting skin level is elevated by excess scar tissue; looks smooth and rubbery |
| Scar due to? made of? | SECONDARY- Occurs when a skin lesion is repaired because normal tissue is lost and replaced with connective tissue (collagen) |
| Excoriation | SECONDARY- Self inflicted abrasion |
| Fissure | SECONDARY- Linear crack with abrupt edges, extends into dermis, dry or moist |
| Erosion deep or superficial? | SECONDARY- Scooped out but shallow depression, superficial |
| Ulcer Deep or superficial? In what skin layer? Shape? Ex? | SECONDARY- deep depression extending into the dermis, irregular shape, may bleed (ex: pressure sore) |
| Atrophy skin appearance? | SECONDARY- thinning of skin with loss of normal skin furrow; skin appears shinny and translucent |
| Dermatome Type of? | DISTRIBUTION- rash that follows the path of a nerve |
| Annular Type of? | DISTRIBUTION- circular, begins in the center and spread to periphery (Ex: Ring worm) |
| Confluent Type of? | DISTRIBUTION- lesions run together (Ex: hives) |
| Discrete Type of? | DISTRIBUTION- distinct individual lesions that remain separate (Ex: skin tag) |
| Gyrate Type of? | DISTRIBUTION- twisted, coiled spiral, snake-like |
| Grouped Type of? | DISTRIBUTION- cluster of lesions |
| Linear Type of? | DISTRIBUTION- a scratch, streak, line or stripe |
| Target Type of? | DISTRIBUTION- "iris" resembles iris of the eye; concentric ring of color in the lesions |
| Polycyclic Type of? | DISTRIBUTION- annular lesions grow together |
| Zosteriform Type of? | DISTRIBUTION- linear arrangment along unilateral nerve route |
| Anemia Color? Why? Dark people? | Pallor; decreased hemotocrit; yellow-brown/dull-grey in black skin |
| Shock Color? Vasoconstriction or dilation? Why? Dark people? | Pallor; decreased perfusions/vasoconstriction; yellow-brown/dull-grey in black skin |
| Local arterial insufficiency Color? Dark people? | Pallor; ashen grey in dark skin |
| Albinism Color? Why? Dark skin? | Pallor (white/pink) Total absence of pigment melanin throughout skin; tan/cream or white in dark skin |
| Vitiligo Color? Why? Dark skin? | Pallor; patchy depigmentation from destruction of melanocytes; patchy milky white spots in light and dark skin |
| Cyanosis | Blue; increased amount of unoxygentated hemoglobin; only severe cyanosis is apparent in dark skin |
| Erythema | Red, bright pink color |
| Secondary Lesions | Resulting from later formation or trauma to primary lesion |
| Texture Accessed by..? Using what part of the hand? Skin should be..? | SKIN PALPATION; using fingerstips; Normal skin should feel smooth and firm with an even surface |
| Temperature Use what part of hand when palpating? 2 types of temperature? | Use back of hand to palpate because the skin is thinner; Hypothermia (cool feeling) and hyperthermia (occurs with increased metabolic rate, such as fever or exercise) |
| Moisture Common where? | Moisture (prespiration) is common on hands, face, axilla, and skin folds |
| Diaphoresis | profuse sweating; accompanies increased metabolic weight (just as in exercise or fever) |
| Turgor Whats turgor? How to check turgor? | Elasticity of skin; check by pinching skin of back of hand and see if the skin "tents" |
| Mobility | the skin's ease of rising |
| Tenting What could it be caused by? How is it documented? | Decreased elasticity or dehydration; documented by saying the turgor is quick (GOOD) or slow (TENTING) |
Created by:
karadicarlo
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