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FoundationsI
Intro to Nursing Ch. 1-3.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Models of Health & Illness | Health-Illness Continuum Model, Health Belief Model, Positive health behaviors, Negative health behaviors, Health Promotion Model, Holistic Health Model |
| Definition of Health | A state of complete physical, mental, and social well being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity (WHO, 1947). • A state of being that people define in relation to their own values, personality, and lifestyle. |
| Internal Variables | Developmental stage, Intellectual background, Emotional factors, Spiritual factors |
| External Variables | Family practices, Socioeconomic factors, Cultural background |
| Passive strategies | Individuals gain from activities of others without their own active participation |
| Active strategies | Motivate the individual to adopt health programs |
| Primary prevention | True prevention |
| Secondary prevention | Directed at diagnosis and intervention of those who are experiencing health problems or illnesses |
| Tertiary prevention | Directed at rehabilitation |
| Categories of risk factors | Genetic and physiological factors, Age, Environment, Lifestyle |
| Risk Factor Modification & Changing Health Behaviors | Identify risk factors in health promotion, wellness education, and illness prevention. Implement risk modification, health promotion, or illness prevention activities |
| Illness | A state in which a person’s physical, emotional, intellectual, social, developmental, or spiritual functioning is diminished or impaired |
| Acute illness | Short term and severe |
| Chronic illness | Persists over a period of time |
| Illness Behavior | Iternal variables: Client’s perception of symptoms, Nature of illness. External variables: social support, cultural background, economic status, and accessibility to health care system |
| Impact of Illness on Client & Family | Body image, Self-concept Family roles, Family dynamics |
| Levels of Health Care | 1. Preventative 2. Primary 3. Secondary 4. Tertiary 5. Restorative 6. Continuing. • Emphasize managing health rather than managing illness |
| Preventative and Primary Health Care Services | Stresses health promotion as a major theme |
| Primary care | Focuses on health promotion through healthy lifestyle habits such as: personal hygiene, good nutrition, clean living environments, regular exercise, rest, and positive health attitudes |
| Preventative care | Focuses on disease prevention and reduction of risk factors |
| Secondary and Tertiary Care | Focus on diagnosis and treatment of illness |
| Secondary and Tertiary Care Settings | Hospitals, Subacute care, Intensive care units, Psychiatric facilities, Urgent care centers |
| Restorative Care | For clients recovering from an illness. Assists individuals to regain maximal functioning. Promotes client independence and self-care. Requires an interdisciplinary health care team approach |
| Planning for Patient Continuity of Care | Admission data gathering, Discharge planning, Admission education, Continuous patient and family education, Quality care – Standards of Care, Customer service |
| Community-Based Nursing | Involves the acute and chronic care of individuals and families. Requires a strong knowledge base in family theory, cultural diversity, and principles of community |
| Home Health | Involves coordination of services and equipment for health maintenance, education, illness prevention, diagnosis and treatment of disease, palliation, and rehabilitation. Focuses on client and family independence |
| Rehabilitation | Attempts to restore a person to their fullest physical, mental, social, vocational, and economic ability /usefulness. Includes physical, occupational, and speech therapy and social services. Occurs in many health care settings |
| Extended Care Facilities | Extended care facilities provide intermediate medical, nursing, or custodial care for clients. Recovering from acute illness or disabilities. Skilled nursing facilities provide care for clients until they can return to the community or residential care. |
| Continuing Care | Comprised of health, personal, and social services provided to the client over a prolonged period of time. |
| Continuing Care | Includes clients who are functionally dependent, suffering from a terminal disease, or disabled. Provides care within the hospital, community, or home |
| Nursing Centers or Facilities | Provides 24-hour intermediate and custodial care. Includes nursing, rehabilitation, dietary, ecreational, social, and religious services. Regulated by standards. Recognizes residents as active participants and decision makers in their plan of care |
| Assisted Living | Offers a long-term care setting with a homier environment and greater resident autonomy. Provides services including laundry, assistance with meals and personal care, 24-hour oversight, and housekeeping |
| Respite Care | Provides for short-term relief or time off for those who provide home care to ill, disabled, or frail individuals. Adult day care site. Trained volunteers in the home |
| Adult Day Care Center | May be associated with a hospital or nursing home or operate independently. Offer services to clients in need of daily physical rehabilitation, emotional illness, chemical dependency. |
| Adult Day Care Center | Designed for clients who do not require hospitalization but need continuous health care services |
| Hospice | Family-centered care that allows clients to live and remain at home. Focuses on comfort, independence, and dignity. Can be centered within an institution, community setting, or home. Provides support during terminal phase and time of death |
| Issues in Health Care Delivery | Competency, Patient-centered care principles, Evidence-based practice, Quality health care (Box 2-10), Client satisfaction, Technology in health care |
| Community-Based Health Care Challenges | Social lifestyles, Political policy, Economy, Achieving Health Populations/Community |
| Community-Based Health Care Focuses | The needs of population, the factors that influence health promotion and maintenance of groups, Incidences of disease within populations, Environmental factors contributing to health and illness • Political process affecting public policy |
| Community-Based Nursing | Involves acute and chronic care, Vulnerable populations, Poor and homeless, Abused, Substance abusers, Severely mentally ill, Older adult |
| Community Health Nursing | Uses information from public health services. Provides direct care services to individuals, groups and sub-populations. Interventions take into account how to resolve problems within social and political contexts |
| Competency in Community-Based Nursing | Case manager, Collaborator, Educator, Counselor, Patient advocate, Change agent |
| Community Assessment | Assesses the community at large. 1. Structure or locale 2.The people 3. Social systems |
| Changing Patients’ Health | In community-based nursing you care for patients from diverse backgrounds. Challenges include how to promote and protect health within the community. Need to understand patient’s lives to be successful--Establish strong and caring relationships |
Created by:
maggardba
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