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Hematologic system
Nursing assessment of the Hematological System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Name and describe the 3 functions of the blood | 1)Transport - O2, nutrients, hormones, wastes, 2)Protect - from pathogens and FBs, maintain homeostasis 3)Regulate-fluid, electrolytes, acid/base, body temp |
| What are the components in blood and what is the percentage of each | 1)Plasma (55%)-proteins, water, solutes, 2)blood cells (45%)- RBCs, WBCs, Thrombocytes |
| what is the symptomatology of low hemoglobin | 1)pallor, 2)confusion, 3)short of breath, 4)fatigue |
| Which type of blood cell is the first-responder in times of injury | Platelets (thrombocytes) |
| What are some causes of lymphedema | 1)defect in lymph system, 2)disruption of lymph system due to surgery, 3)radiation Tx of pelvic region |
| List the stages of clotting | 1)vascular response-local vasoconstriction, 2)Platelet response-collagen from inner lining comes in contact with platelets causing clumping, 3)Clotting factors-inactive plasma proteins become activated via the intrinsic/extrinsic pathways |
| what are the functions of the spleen | 1)hematopoietic, 2)filter-removes old RBCs and recycles iron, 3)immune-contains lymphocytes and monocytes, 4)storage-30% of platelet mass |
| What are the nursing implications for a patient following a splenectomy | 1)increased bleeding due to highly vascular structure, 2)long-term-decrease in T-cell and B-cell production leading to an increase in immune disorders (pt needs to be vaccinated) |
| What are the functions of the lymphatic sytstem | 1)carries fluid from interstitial spaces to blood, 2)carries fat, proteins and some hormones from GI to blood, 3)returns excess fluid to blood preventing lymphedema |
| What are the nursing implications for a pt with cirrhosis or liver failure | 1)increased bleeding tendencies, 2)increase in metabolites/toxins/ammonia/nitrates |
| What are the functions of the liver | 1)filter for the blood, 2)produces all the procoagulants(prothrombin) |
| What are the hematological effects of aging | 1)decrease in red marrow, 2)decreased # of stem cells, 3)decreased reserve capacity, 4)decrease in all blood cells except WBC |
| how does aspirin affect the hematologic system | 1)inhibit platelet aggregation, 2)increase bleeding time |
| how does NSAIDs affect the hematologic system | 1)inhibits platelet aggregation |
| how does Tegretol (anti-seizure) affect the hematologic system | 1)anemia, 2)leukopenia, 3)thrombocytopenia = all due to changes in marrow RBC production |
| how does Dilantin(anti-seizure) affect the hematologic system | 1)anemia |
| how does Bactrim (antibiotic) affect the hematologic system | 1)anemia, 2)leukopenia, 3)neutropenia, 4) thrombocytopenia |
| how does prednisone (adrenal corticosteroid/antiinflammatory/immunosuppressant) | 1)lymphopenia (too many lymphocytes, 2)neutrophilia |
| how does Diuril (diuretic) affect the hematologic system | thrombocytopenia |
| list the lab tests for hematological function | 1)RBC, 2)Hgb 3)Hematocrit (Hct) 4)RBC indices 5)WBC 6)WBC differential 7)platelet ct 8)ESR |
| what is a normal value for WBC | 1) above 11,000 indicates infection or malignancies, 2)below 11,000 indicates leukemia/bone marrow suppression |
| what types of biopsies are done to assess hematologic function | 1)bone marrow(assesses hematopoiesis) 2)lymph node (assesses histologic function) |
Created by:
lampcow38
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