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chapter 15 pain

NUR 105

QuestionAnswer
Analgesics drugs that relieve pain
What variables influence pain 1. the individual experiencing it 2. the cause of the pain 3. the environment
pain relief rests primarily on who the nurse. she must provide and assess the pt and implement appropriate interventions
pain managements requirements from joint commission are as follows: 1. recognize the right of patients to appro. assessment and management of pain 2. perform pain assessments 3. record results of assessment and follow up 4. teach pt ab effective pain mangmt 5. address needs for pain & symptom mangmt at discharge
what are nociceptors pain receptors that activate afferent pathways. they are unevenly distributed in muscles, tendons, subcutaneous tissue, and the skin. (may explain why some areas are more sensitive to pain than others)
when nociceptors are stimulated..where are impulses transmitted to? spinal cord, then travel to the brain where the cortex interprets the impulse as pain and identifies the location and qualities of the pain.
what is the gate-control theory? by Melzack and Wall. assumes that the pain experience reflects both physical and psychosocial
anesthesia partial or complete loss of sensation with or without loss of consciousness
analgesia a state of not feeling pain
pain threshold point at which a stimulus causes the sensation of pain.
what can lower pain threshold? anger, fatigue, anxiety, insomnia, depression, and uncontrolled pain. the lower the threshold, the more pain the pt readily experiences with even less stimuli
pain tolerance the intensity of pain that a person will endure
Acute pain aka nociceptive pain. follows the normal pathway for pain from nociceptor activation to the brain. temporary, known pain, and treatable. nurse observes behavioral/physiological signs: rubs body prt, wrinkles brow, bites lip, change in HR, BP, R.
Chronic pain pain that persists or recurs for more than 3-6 months & may last a lifetime.mostly called neuropathic pain bc it follows the abnormal pathway for pain. resulting from nerve damage from widevariety of anatomic and physiologic conditions/underlying disease
what are some unusual sensations created by chronic pain? burning, shooting pain, abnormal sensations when there is no painful stimulus present. unknown cause
what are the physical factors that influence pain experience??? age, pain threshold (stimulus), pain tolerance (intensity endured), physical activity, nervous system integrity, type of surgery, anesthesia used.
chronic nonmalignant /benign pain is .. pain that cannot be explained or that persists after healing has taken place.
term used to describe pain that cannot be relieved and have no known effective treatment intractable pain
6 Steps in Pain Assessment 1. accept the patient's report 2. determine the status of the pain 3. describe the pain: loc, quality, intensity, aggravatin and alleviating factors 4. examine site 5. identify coping methods 6. record assessnet, interven, and evaluation of interventions
what is tolerance physiologic changes that occur from repeated doses of opioids. results in higher doses are needed to achieve pain relief
what is physical dependence physiologis changes that occur from repeated doses of opioids. results in withdrawal symptoms (chills, irratibility, sweating, nause) may occur if opioid is stopped aprubtly
what is addiction psychological dependence characterized by contiunued craving for opioid for other than pain relief. results: compulsive and continued use for psychic effects despite harm. not a concern in treating acute or cancer pain.
Created by: Sarahmarie001
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