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OLOL OB Terms Test 1
Terms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Amnioinfusion | infusion of rm temp. isotonic fluid (usually NS or lac Ringer’s sol.) into the uterine cavity if the vol. of amniotic fluid is low, in an attempt to inc. the fluid around the umbilical cord & prevent compression during uterine contractions |
| Accelerations | increase in FHR, usually seen as a reassuring sign |
| Alpha-Fetoprotein (AFP) | fetal antigen; elevated levels in amniotic fluid are associated with neural tube defects; blood test to identify birth defects and anomalies such as Down Syndrome or Neural Tube Defects |
| Amnion | inner membrane of 2 fetal membranes that form the sac and contain the fetus and the fluid that surrounds it in utero. |
| Amniotic | pertaining or relating to the amnion |
| Amniotic fluid | formed from amniotic cells, urine, and fetal secretions, continuously produced 700-800 at birth; transparent,straw-colored liquid with white flecks; slightly alkaline |
| Amniotic Fluid Index (AFI) | estimation of amount of amniotic fluid by means of ultrasound to determine excess or decrease |
| Angiomas | vascular spiders on neck and thorax |
| Anthropometric Measurements | body measurements, such as height and weight |
| Ballottement | tapping against the uterus thru the vagina and causing the fetus to “bounce” or move around the amniotic fluid w/n the uterus and rebound quickly |
| Baseline Fetal Heart Rate | Beats per minute of the fetal heart. Normal range is 110 to 160 beats/min |
| Biophysical Profile (BPP)- | noninvasive asses. of fetus and its environment using u/s & uterine fetal monitoring;breathing movements, gross body movements, fetal tone, reactive fetal heart rate, and qualitative amniotic fluid vol. |
| Birth Plan | a tool with which parents can explore their childbirth options and choose those that are most important to them |
| Blastocyst | stage in the development of a mammalian embryo, occurring after the morula stage, that consists of an outer layer, or trophoblast, and a hallow sphere of cells enclosing a cavity. |
| Body Mass Index (BMI) | method of calculating appropriateness of weight for height(BMI=Weight[kilograms]/height2 [meters] |
| Bradycardia | baseline FHR below 110 beats per minute |
| Braxton-Hicks | uterine contractions that can be felt through the abdominal wall soon after the fourth month of pregnancy |
| Chloasma | (mask of pregnancy; facial melasma) cheeks, nose, and forehead blotchy, brownish hyperpigmentation |
| Chorion | fetal membranes closet to the intrauterine wall that gives rise to the placenta and continues as the outer membrane surrounding the amnion |
| Chorionic Villi | projections of the outer fetal membrane; fetal in origin and reflect the chromosomal and genetic makeup of the fetus |
| Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS) | removal of fetal tissue from the placenta for genetic diagnostic studies |
| Colostrum | thick, creamy yellowish fluid expressed from nipples |
| Conception | union of the sperm and a single egg (ovum) resulting in fertilization; formation of the one-celled zygote,marks the beginning of a pregnancy |
| Cultural PROscriptions | forbidden; taboo practices; they tell women what not to do |
| Cultural PREscriptions | practices that are expected or acceptable; they tell women what to do |
| Couvade | pregnancy-related rituals or a cluster of symptoms experienced by some prospective fathers during pregnancy and childbirth |
| Contraction Stress Test (CST) | test to stimulate uterine contractions for the purpose of assessing fetal response; a healthy fetus doesn't react to contractions,whereas a compromised fetus demo late decels in the fetal heart rate that are indicative of uteroplacental insufficiency |
| Decelerations | slowing of fetal heart rate attributed to a parasympathetic response and described in relation to uterine contractions |
| Doppler Blood Flow Analysis | device for measuring blood flow noninvasively in the fetus and placenta to detect intrauterine growth restriction |
| Dizygotic Twins | twins that are formed from 2 zygotes; they are also called fraternal twins |
| Diploid | a cell with 46 chromosomes or 23 pairs |
| Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) | nutritional recommendations consisting of the recommended dietary allowances, adequate intakes, and tolerable upper intake levels, the upper limit of intake associated with low risk in almost all members of a population |
| Decidua | mucous membrane, lining of uterus, or endometrium of pregnancy that is shed after giving birth. |
| Doula | a professionally trained to provide labor support, including physical, emotional, and informational support to women and their partners during labor and birth |
| Ectoderm | Upper(Outer)layer of the embryonic disk; epidermis glands, the nails and hair, central and peripheral nervous system,lens of the eye, tooth enamel and the floor of the amniotic cavity |
| Early Decelerations | onset corresponding to onset of uterine contraction, related to fetal head compression |
| Ductus Venosus | shunt that allows most of fetal blood to bypass the liver and pass into the inferior vena cava |
| Ductus Arteriosus | special circulatory pathway that allows fetal blood to bypass the lungs |
| EDD/EDC | estimated due date/confinement |
| Episodic Changes | changes from baseline patterns in the fetal heart rate that are not associated with uterine contractions |
| Embryo | the developing baby from the beginning of the 3rd week through the 8th week after conception |
| Endoderm | lower layer; epithelium lining the resp. and digestive tracts and the glandular cells of assoc. organs including the oropharynx, the liver and pancreas, the urethra, the bladder,and the vagina; forms the roof of the yolk sac |
| Effleurage | massage of the abdomen or another body part performed during labor contractions |
| Electronic Fetal Monitoring (EFM) | electronic surveillance of fetal heart rate by external and internal methods |
| Edema (physiologic/dependent) | swelling of ankles and feet at the end of the day |
| Epulis (Gingival Granuloma Gravidarum) | red raised nodule on gums; bleeds after brushing teeth |
| Fundal height | measured by MacDonald’s method; measured from top of symphysis pubis over abdominal curve to top of fundus;measured in cm beginning in 2nd trimester |
| Friability | spotting following cervical palpation or intercourse |
| Foramen ovale | opening between the 2 atria of the fetal heart which allows blood to flow from the left atrium to the right to bypass the lungs; closes shortly after birth |
| FHR-Fetal Heart Rate | normal is 110-160BPM |
| Fetus | developing baby from 9 weeks after conception until birth |
| Fertilization | occurs when 1 spermatozoon enters the ovum and the two containing nuclei containing parents’ chromosomes merge |
| Funic Souffle | sound of fetal blood coursing through the umbilical cord; it is synchronous with the fetal heart rate |
| Gamete | egg and sperm. Mature male or female germ cell; the mature sperm or ovum |
| Gametogenesis | process whereby gametes are formed and mature |
| Gravida | a woman who is or has been pregnancy, regardless of the duration or outcome of the pregnancy |
| Gravidity | pregnancy |
| Haploid | a cell with 23 single chromosomes |
| HCG (Human Chorionic Gonadotropin) | present 8-10 days after conception; presence signifies + pregnancy test |
| Hegar’s Sign | softening of the lower uterine segment that allows it to be easily compressed by the 6th week of pregnancy |
| Hematopoiesis | formation of blood |
| Hemorrhoids | varicosities around the anus |
| Home Birth | planned birth of the child at home, usually done under the supervision of a midwife |
| Hydramnious | excess volume of amniotic fluid (more than 2000 mL/2 L at term); also called polyhydramnios |
| Hyperemia | excess blood in an area of the body |
| Implantation | occurs 6-10 days after conception; trophoblast burrows into the edometrium until blastocyst completely covered |
| Intermittent Auscultation | involves listening to fetal heart sounds at periodic intervals to assess the fetal heart rate |
| Intrauterine Pressure Catheter(IUPC) | catheter inserted into uterine cavity to assess uterine activity and pressure by electronic means |
| IUGR(Intrauterine Growth Restriction) | Fetal undergrowth of any cause, such as deficient nutrient supply or intrauterine infection,or associated with congenital malformation; birth weight below population 10th percentile corrected for gestational age |
| Lactose Intolerance | inability to digest milk sugar (lactose) b/c of an inherited absence of the enzyme lactase in the small intestine |
| Late Decelerations | onset after peak of contraction, continuing into interval after contraction; caused by uteroplacental insufficiency |
| Leukorrhea | white or slightly gray mucoid vaginal discharge with faint, musty odor |
| Lightening | descent of the fetus toward the pelvic inlet before labor |
| Linea Nigra | a dark line or discoloration of the abdomen that may be seen in pregnant women during the latter part of term; runs from above the umbilicus to the pubes |
| Lithotomy | position in which the patient in on their back with the hips and knees flex and the thighs apart |
| LMP | last menstrual period |
| Lordosis | lumbosacral curve accentuated |
| Low Birth Weight(LBW) | a newborn birth weight less than 2500g (5lbs 8oz) |
| L/S Ratio(Lecithin/Sphingomyelin Ratio) | ratio of two phospholipids in amniotic fluid that is used to determine fetal lung maturity; ratio 2:2 or greater usually indicates fetal lung maturity |
| Meconium | Dark green to black tarry substance that contains fetal waste products and accumulates in the fetal intestines |
| Meiosis | process by which germ cells divide and decrease their chromosomal number by one half; produces gametes(eggs and sperm) |
| Melasma | brownish pigmentation on the face during pregnancy; also called chlosma and “mask of pregnancy” |
| Mitosis | process of somatic cell division in which a single cell divides, but both of the new cells have the same number of chromosomes as the first; body cells replicate to yield 2 cells with the same genetic makeup as the parent cell |
| Monozygotic Twins | twins that are formed from one fertilized ovum that then divides; they are also called Identical Twins. |
| Montevideo Units(MVUs) | a method for evaluating the adequacy of uterine activity for achieving progress in labor |
| Montgomery Tubercles | enlarged sebaceous glands in areola on both breasts. |
| Multigravida | a woman who has had 2 or more pregnancies |
| Multipara | a woman who has completed 2 or more pregnancies to 20 weeks of gestation |
| Neural Tube Defects (NTD) | improper development of tube resulting in malformation of brain or spinal cord |
| Nuchal Cord | when the umbilical cord is wrapped around the fetal neck |
| Nulligravida | a women who has never conceived a child |
| Nullipara | a woman who has not completed a pregnancy with a fetus or fetuses who have reached 20 weeks of gestation |
| Oligohydramnios | abnormally small quantity of amniotic fluid, less than about 500mL at term |
| Oogenesis | process of egg (ovum) formation; begins during fetal life in the female. |
| Operculum | plug of mucus fills endocervical canal |
| Ovum | female germ, or reproductive cell, produced by the ovary; egg |
| Oxytocin Challenge Test (OCT) | eval of fetal response (fetal heart rate) to contractile activity of the uterus stimulated by exogenous oxytocin (Pitocin) |
| Palmar Erythema | palms pinkish red, mottled |
| Parity | # pregnancies which the fetus/fetuses reached 20 wks when they are born,not the # of fetuses(e.g.twins) born. The numeric designation is not affected by whether the fetus is born alive or stillborn(showing no s/s of life at birth) |
| Percutaneous Umbilical Blood Sampling (PUBS) | procedure during which the fetal umbilical vessel is accessed for blood sampling or for transfusions. Also called Cordocentesis |
| Periodic Changes | changes from baseline of the fetal heart rate that occur with uterine contractions |
| Physiologic Anemia | decrease in Hgb and Hct values caused by dilution of erythrocytes by expanded plasma volume rather than by an actual decrease in erythrocytes or Hgb; Hct decreased to 36% and Hgb to 11 g/dL |
| PICA | nonfood cravings for the substances such as ice, clay, and laundry starch |
| Placenta | fetal structure that provides nourishment and removes wastes from the developing baby and secretes hormones necessary for the continuation of pregnancy |
| Positive Signs | signs that can be attributed only to the presence of a fetus; auscultation of fetal heart sounds, fetal movements felt by examiner, and visualization of embryo or fetus |
| Presumptive Change | pregnancy-related changes felt by a woman; amenorrhea, N/V, fatigue, urinary frequency, breast/skin changes and quickening |
| Preterm | designation given to a pregnancy that has reached 20 weeks of gestation but ends before completion of 37 weeks gestation |
| Primigravida | a woman who is pregnant for the first time |
| Primipara | a woman who has given birth after a pregnancy of at least 20 wks gestation; also used informally to describe a pregnancy women before the birth of her first child |
| Probable Changes | pregnancy-related changes that can be observed by an examiner; abdominal enlargement, cervical softening,changes in uterine consistency, ballottment, Braxton hicks, palpation of fetal outline and positive result of pregnancy test |
| Prolonged Deceleration | episode of slowing of fetal heart rate lasting longer than 2 minutes, but less than 10 minutes |
| Pruritus Gravidarum | itching of the skin that occurs during pregnancy |
| Ptyalism | excessive salivation |
| Pyrosis | heartburn experienced after supper |
| Quickening | the 1st motion of a fetus in the uterus felt by the mother usually somewhat before the middle of the period of gestation |
| Sperm | Male sex cell. Also called spermatozoon,spermatozoa. |
| Spermatogenesis | process by which mature spermatozoa are formed, during which the diploid chromosome number(46)is reduced by half (haploid, 23) |
| Spiral Electrode (also fetal scalp spiral electrode) | internal signal source for electronically monitoring the fetal heart rate |
| Supine Hypotension | occlusion of the aorta which decreases BP in lower extremities causing faintness,lightheadedness, dizziness,agitation, syncope, and sometimes brief lapse in consciousness; may result in fetal hypoxia |
| Surfactant | combination of lipoproteins produced by the lungs of the mature fetus to reduce surface tension in the alveoli, thus promoting lung expansion after birth |
| Tachycardia | baseline fetal heart rate above 160 beats/min |
| Tachysystole | more than 5 uterine contractions in 10 minutes, averaged over a 30-minute window |
| Term | designation given to a pregnancy from the completion of 37 weeks of gestation to the end of week 42 of gestation |
| Tocolysis | relaxation of the uterus; also tocolytic therapy |
| Tocotransducer | electronic device for measuring uterine contractions; also called a tocodynamometer |
| Trophoblast | outer layer of cells of the developing blastodermic vesicle (blastocyst) that develops the trophoderm or feeding layer,which will establish the nutrient relationships with the uterine endometrium |
| Ultrasound Transducer | external signal source for monitoring fetal heart rate electronically |
| Uterine Soufflé (aka placental soufflé) | the loud blowing murmur heard along the side of the uterus caused by blood entering the dilated arteries of the uterus in the last months of pregnancy |
| Uteroplacental Insufficiency (UPI) | decline in placental function-exchange of gases,nutrients, and wastes-leading to fetal hypoxia and acidosis; evidenced by late fetal heart rate decelerations in response to uterine contractions |
| Variability | normal irregularity of fetal cardiac rhythm; short term-beat-to-beat changes,; long-term-rhythmic changes(waves) from the baseline value |
| Variable Deceleration | abrupt onset at any time unrelated to contraction; caused by cord compression |
| Viability | capability of fetus to survive outside the uterus |
| Vibroacoustic Stimulation | one of the methods of testing antepartum FHR response. Generally performed in conjunction with the NST and uses a combo of sound and vibration to stimulate the fetus; also called the fetal acoustic stimulation test |
| Zygote | cell formed by the union of 2 reproductive cells or gametes; the fertilized ovum resulting from the union of a sperm and an ovum(egg) |
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