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TL diuretics

QuestionAnswer
Name 4 thiazide diuretics. Chlorthalidone, Hydrochlorothiazide, Indapamide, Metolazone
What are the benefits of and indications for thiazide diuretics? inexpensive, effective, effective orally; to decrease fluid volume, for severe hypertension, to enhance other antihypertensives
What are the adverse reactions associated with thiazide diuretics? Hypokalemia, hyperuricemia, glucose intolerance, hypercholesterolemia, sexual dysfunction
What are the signs of hypokalemia? Dry mouth, thirst, drowsiness, weakness, lethargy, muscle aches, tachycardia
What are the nursing implications for thiazide diuretics? Observe for postural hypotension, Use caution for gout, renal failure, lithium; hypokalemia increases risk for digitalis toxicity; administer potassium supplements
What substances could potentiate postural hypotension in combination with a thiazide diuretic? alcohol, barbiturates, narcotics
Name 3 loop diuretics. furosemide (Lasix), Torsemide (Demadex), Bumetanide (Bumex)
Describe the action of loop diuretics and when they are used. Rapid action, cause volume depletion, potent for use when thiazide diuretics fail
What are the adverse effects of loop diuretics? Hypokalemia, Hyperuricemia, Glucose intolerance, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, sexual dysfunction, weakness
What are the nursing implications for loop diuretics? know that volume depletion and electrolyte depletion is rapid, observe for postural hypotension, caution with renal failure, gout, lithium; Hypokalemia increases risk for digitalis toxicity, administer potassium supplements
Name two potassium sparing diuretics. spironolactone and amiloride
What are the indications for spironolactone (Aldactone) and amiloride (Midamor)? volume depletion without significant potassium loss
What are the adverse effects of potassium sparing diuretics? Hyperkalemia, Gynecomastia, Sexual dysfunction
When should spironolactone (Aldactone) or amiloride (Midamor) be given in relation to meals in order to avoid GI distress? after meals
What are the nursing implications for potassium sparing diuretics? watch for hyperkalemia and renal failure in those treated with ACE inhibitors or NSAIDs; Watch for increase in serum lithium levels
Name three combination loop and potassium sparing drugs. HCTZ and triamterene (Maxidex), HCTZ and Amiloride (Moduretic), HCTZ and Spironolactone (Aldactone)
What is the purpose of combination loop and potassium sparing diuretics? decrease fluid volume while minimizing potassium loss
How are the side effects of combination diuretics altered? Side effects of individual drugs are offset or minimized by its partner
What are the nursing implications for a patient on a combination loop/potassium sparing diuretic? Caution clients previously taking loop or thiazide about excess potassium in diet due to potassium sparing component of new drug; follow dose schedule so that sleep is not disrupted to get up and pee
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