Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
fluid & electrolytes
fluid and electrolytes
| Question | Answer | |
|---|---|---|
| Hypocalcemia | mainly occurs due to a deficiency of parathyroid hormone, inefficient parathyroid hormone, accidental removal of parathyroid during thyroidectomy, or deficiency of Vitamin D. Also, pancreatitis or several transfusions with citrated blood. | Perioral tingling and parasthesia, pins and needles' sensation over the extremities of hands and feet. This is the earliest symptom of hypocalcemia. Tetany, carpopedal spasm are seen. |
| Hypokalemia | that is, a low-potassium diet, especailly with patients on diureticsA Typically, this is a consequence of vomiting, diarrhea, excessive perspiration, or losses associated with surgical procedures.Loop diuretics, such as furosemide and bumex. | Muscular weakness, myalgia,, and muscle cramps and constipation Flaccidparalysis,hyporeflexia, and tetany may result.Respiratory depression from severe impairment of skeletal muscle function is not uncommon. Flattened or inverted T waves, U waves |
| Hyperkalemia | Renal insufficiency or failure Massive Trauma, Burns or Rhabdomylosis Acidosis | malaise, palpitations and muscle weakness; mild breathlessness Cardiac arrhythmias, sudden death ECG: Peaked narrow T waves, prolonged PR interval followed by disappearance of P wave, prolonged QRS interval if level continues to rise |
| Hypomagnesemia | alcoholism -hypomagnesemia occurs in 30% of alcohol abuse. Alcohol stimulates renal excretion of magnesium diuretic use antibiotics | weakness, muscle cramps, cardiac arrhythmia irritability of the nervous system with tremors, and jerking, nystagms. In addition, there may be confusion, disorientation, hallucinations, depression, epileptic fits, hypertension, tachycardia and tetany |
| Hypermagnesemia | Cause: renal failure due to decreased excretion; Infusion of Mag | Symptoms: Weakness, nausea and vomiting Hypotension Impaired breathing Arrhythmia and asystole |
| Hypophasphatemia | Alcoholics from malnutrition Refeeding syndrome usually occurs within four days of starting to feed in starved patients (including alcoholics | Muscle dysfunction and weakness. May manifest as diplopia low cardiac output, dysphagia, and respiratory depression due to respiratory muscle weakness. Mental status changes including irritability to gross confusion, delirium, and coma. |
| Hyperphosphatemia | hyperparathyroidism and is commonly seen in chronic renal failure. You may have high phosphate levels from prolonged exercise, which causes muscle damage. Certain athletes and distance runners may get this, called rhabdomyolysis. | Symptoms – None, silent |
| Hypercalcemia | hyperparathyroidism and malignancy account for ~90% of cases, demineralization of bone, bone metastasis | hyperparathyroidism and malignancy account for ~90% of cases, demineralization of bone, bone metastasis |
Created by:
apobere
Popular Nursing sets