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Herlihy 23
GI System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Gastroenterology | Study of the digestive tract |
| Digestive system | Digest tract and the accessory organs of digestion |
| Digestive tract | A hollow tube extending from the mouth to the anus |
| Digestive tract also called... | The alimentary canal or the gastrointestinal tract |
| Structures of the difestive tract | Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus |
| Accessory organs include... | Salivary glands, teeth, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas |
| Digestion | The process by which food is broken down into small particles for absorption |
| Absorption | The end products of digestion move across the walls of the digestive tract into the blood for distribution throughout the body |
| Two forms of digestion | Chemical and mechanical digestion |
| Four layers of the digestive tract | Mucosa, submucosa, muscle layer and serosa |
| Mucosa | Innermost layer of the digestive tract |
| Submucosa | Thick layer of loose connective tissue |
| Muscle layer | Third layer of the digestive tract; allows peristalsis to occur |
| Peristalsis | Rhythmic alternating contraction and relaxation of the muscles |
| Serosa | Outermost lining of the digestive tract |
| Digestive tract begins in the... | Mouth |
| Mouth is also known as... | Oral cavity |
| Buccal cavity | Refers to the area between the gums and the cheek or lips |
| Chewing | Mastication |
| Two sets of teeth | Deciduous and permanent |
| How many deciduous teeth? | 20 |
| How many permanent teeth? | 32 |
| Names of the teeth | Incisors, cuspids, bicuspids, molars |
| Three parts of the teeth | Crown, neck and root |
| Gingivitis | Inflammation of the gums |
| Stomatitis | Refers to inflammation or ulcers of the mouth area |
| Tongue | Muscular organ that occupies the floor of the mouth |
| 2 functions of the tongue | Continuously repositioning food during chewing, contains taste buds |
| Frenulum | Anchors the tongue to the floor of the mouth |
| Sublingual | Below the tongue |
| Frenulum | Anchors the tongue to the floor of the mouth |
| Sublingual | Below the tongue |
| 3 types of salivary glands | Parotid, submandibular, sublingual |
| Parotid glands | Largest of the three glands and lie below and anterior to the ears |
| Submandibular glands | Located on the floor of the mouth |
| Sublingual glands | Located under the tongue and are the smallest of the salivary glands |
| Saliva | Watery fluid that contains mucus and the digestive enzyme, amylase |
| Approximately how much saliva is secreted in one day? | 1 liter |
| Sialolithiasis | A salivary duct becomes obstructed by a stone |
| The anterior hard palate | Separates the oral cavity from the nasal cavity |
| The posterior soft palate | Separates the oral cavity from the nasopharynx |
| Palatine tonsils | Masses of lymphoid tissue located along the sides of the posterior oral cavity |
| Swallowing | Deglutition |
| Three parts of the pharynx | Nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx |
| Which parts of the pharynx are included in the digestive system? | Oropharynx and laryngopharynx |
| Esophagus length | 10 inches |
| 2 esophageal sphincters | Pharyngoesophageal and gastroesophageal or LES |
| Pyrosis | Heartburn |
| Stomach | Pouchlike organ that lies in the upper part of the abdominal cavity under the diaphragm |
| 5 stomach functions | Secretion of gastric juice, secretion of gastric hormones and intrinsic factor, regulation of the rate of partially digested food to small intestine, digestion of food, absorption of small quantities of water and disolved substances |
| 3 parts of the stomach | Fundus, body, pylorus |
| 2 sphincters of the stomach | Cardiac sphincter and pyloric sphincter |
| Rugae | Accordian-like folds which allow the stomach to expand |
| Three layers of muscles in the stomach | Longitudinal, oblique and circular |
| Muscles of the stomach create... | Chyme |
| Chyme | Thick, paste-like mixture |
| Three types of cells in the gastric glands | Mucous cells, secrete mucus; chief cells, secrete digestive enzymes; parietal cells, secrete hydrochloric acid |
| Vomiting | Emesis |
| Ulcer | Stomach lining may erode or break down creating a lesion |
| Hiatal hernia | If the opening where the esophagus enters the abdominal cavity is weakened or enlarged, the stomach may protrude into the thoracic cavity |
| An acidic chyme is ejected from the stomach into the... | Small intestine |
| Small intestine location | In the central and lower abdominal cavity |
| 3 parts of the small intestine | Duodenum, jejunum, ileum |
| Duodenum | First part of the small intestine |
| Most digestion and absorption occur in the... | Duodenum |
| Jejunum | The second part of the small intestine |
| Ileum | The third part of the small intestine, extends from the jejunum to the ileocecal valve |
| The ileocecal valve | Prevents the reflux of contents from the cecum back into the ileum |
| Cecum | Part of the large intestine |
| Peyer's patches | Diminish the bacterial content in the digestive system |
| Large intestine | Extends from the ileocecal valve to the anus |
| Parts of the large intestine | Cecum, colon, rectum and anal canal |
| First part of the large intestine | Cecum |
| What structure is attached to the cecum? | Appendix |
| Appendix | Wormlike structure that contains leukocytes and is a source of immune cells |
| Four functions of the large intestine | Absorption of water, synthesis of certain vitamins, temporary storage site for feces, and elimination of waste from the body |
| Normal flora | Presence of bacteria in the intestinal tract |
| Volvulus | Bowel becomes twisted on itself |
| Amylases | Enzyme that digests carbohydrates |
| Bile | A digestive aid secreted by the liver; emulsifies fat |
| Chyle | Milky fluid found in the lacteals f villi, consists of emulsified fats and lymph |
| Chyme | past-like mixture of partially digested food, water, and digested enzymes formed in the stomach |
| Pancreatic enzymes | The most important of all the digestive enzymes |
Created by:
caysmommy03
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