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Cardio A&P 16, 8

Herlihy & Adult Health

QuestionAnswer
Primary function of the heart Pump and force blood through the blood vessels of the body, providing every cell in the body with vital nutrients and oxygen
Average beats per minute 72 times
Location of the heart In the mediastinum
Base of the heart Located at the level of the second rib
Apex of the heart Located at the level of the fifth rib
Precordium Area of the anterior chest wall overlying the heart and great vessels
3 layers of the heart Epicardium, Myocardium, Endocardium
Thickest layer of the heart Myocardium
Pericardium Slinglike structure that supports the heart
Pulmonary circulation Pumps blood through the lungs in order to pick up oxygen and get rid of carbon dioxide
Systemic circulation Larger of the two circulations; path that blood follows from the left heart to all the organs of the body and back to the right heart
Atri Upper chambers of the heart
Ventricles Lower chambers of the heart
Atria Receive blood into the heart
Ventricles Pump blood out of the heart
Great vessels Superior and inferior venae cavae, pulmonary artery, four pulmonary veins, and the aorta
Two semilunar valves Pulmonic and aortic valves
Stenosis Narrowing
Murmurs Abnormal heart sounds
SA node Pacemaker of the heart
P wave Reflects the electrical activity associated with atrial depolarization
QRS complex Reflects the electrical activity associated with ventricular depolarization
T wave Reflects the electrical activity associated with ventricular repolarization
Normal Sinus Rhythm (NSR) ECG appears normal and that the impulse originates in the SA node
Coronary arteries Deliver oxygenated blood to the myocardium
Myocardium Layer of the heart that contains actin and myosin; arranged in sarcomeres
Right atrium Chamber that receives unoxygenated blood from the venae cavae
Left atrium Chamber that receives oxygenated blood from the four pulmonary veins
How many gallons of blood does the heart pump each day? 10,000 gallons
How many times does the heart beat per day? 100,000 beats
Mediastinum Mass of organs and tissues separating the lungs; heart lies here
2 atrioventricular valves Tricuspid and bicuspid valves
Chordae tendinae Small cord-like structures that connect AV valves to the walls of the heart
Automaticity Inherent ability to contract in a rhythmic pattern
Irritability Responding to a stimulus in the same way that nerve cells do
Bundle of His Conduction fibers
Cardiac cycle Complete heartbeat
Systole Phase of contraction
Dystole Phase of relaxation
"Lubb" sound heard When AV valve closes
"Dubb" sound heard When semilunar valve closes
Capillaries Tiny blood vessels joining arterioles and venules
Arteries Large vessels carrying blood away from the heart
Veins Vessels that convey blood from the capillaries and return it to the heart
Arterioles Blood vessels of the smallest branch of the arterial circulation
Largest vein Vena cava
Largest artery Aorta
Fluoroscopy Action-picture radiograph
Angiogram Radiographs taken after injection of a contrast medium into an artery or vein
Aortogram Abdominal aorta and the major leg arteries are viewed by x-ray through the femoral artery and into the aorta
Cadiac catheterization Invasice procedure used to visualize the heart's chambers, valves, great vessels, and coronary arteries
Cardiac cetherization Sterile procedure, requires consent, patient lies supine with pressure dressing at insertion site when procedure completed
Holter monitor Small portable monitor to monitor heart rhythm for prolonged periods
Endocardiography High-frequency ultrasound directed at the heart
Positive Emission Tomography (PET) Computerized radiographic technique that uses radioactive substances to examine metabolic activity of various body structures
Complete Blood Count (CBC) Determination of the number of red and white blood cells per cubic millimeter
Coagulation studies Used in monitoring patients receiving anticoagulation therapy
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) Used to monitor or rule out inflammatory infective conditions
Serum electrolyte tests Focus on body's balance of sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium which are necessary for myocardial muscle function
Serum lipids Monitors levels of cholesterol and triglycerides
Arterial blood gases Measured to monitor oxygenation and acid-base balance
Serum cardiac markers Certain proteins that are released into the blood in large quantities from necrotic heart muscle after an MI
Created by: caysmommy03
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