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unit 2

chapter 31

QuestionAnswer
resident flora microorganisms that normally reside on the skin and mucous membranes, and inside the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts.
infection the disease process produced by microorganisms
disease an alteration in the body function resulting in a reduction of the capacities or shortening of the normal life span.
virulence ability to produce disease.
communicable disease a disease that can be spread from one person to another
pathogenicity the ability to produce disease,a pathogen is a mircorganism that causes disease.
opportunistic pathogen a microrganism only causing disease in a susceptible person
asepsis freedom from infection
medical asepsis all practices intended to confine a specific microorganism to a specific area
clean free of potentially infectious agents
dirty presence of infectious agents
surgical asepsis or sterile asepsis practices that keep an area or object free from microorganisms
sepsis the presence of pathogenic organisms or the toxins in the blood or body tissues
bacteria the most common infection-causing microorganism
viruses nucleic acid-based infectious agents
fungi infectious-causing microorganisms that include yeast and molds
parasites microorganisms that live in or on another from which it obtains nourishment
colonization the presence of organisms in the body secretions or excretions
local infection an infection that is limited to a specific area of the body
systemic infection occurs when pathogens spread and damage different parts of the body
bacteremia bacteria in blood
septicemia bacteremia results in systemic infection
acute infections appears suddenly
nosocomial infections infections that originate in a hospital
endogenous developing from within
exogenous developing from the outside
reservoirs a source of microorganisms
carrier a person or animal that harbors a specific infectious and can be an infection
direct transmission occurs when an infected person comes in contact with another person
indirect transmission can be vehicle-borne or vector-borne
vehicle-born transmission any substance that serves as an intermediate means to tramsport and introduce an infectious agent
vector-born transmission an animal or flying or crawling insect that serves asan intermediate means of transporting the infectious agent
airborne transmission may involve droplet or dust
droplet nuclei the residue of evaporated droplets emitted by an infectious host
compromised host a person with increased risk of getting an infection
nonspecific defenses protects the person against all microorganism regardless of prior exposure.
specific defenses immune functions directed against identifiable becteria, viruses, fungi
inflammation local and nonspecific defensive tissue response to injury
leukocytes white blood cells
leukocytosis low white blood cell count
exudate purulent drainage
regeneration renewal, regrowth, and the replacement of destroyed tissue
granulation tissue young conn. tissue with new capillaries
antigen immunity
autoantigen if protein orginate in your own body
humoral immunity defense resides in b lymphocytes
antibodies body plasma proteins
passive immunity the receives natural antibodies
cell mediated defenses occurs in the t cell system
sterilization destroys all microorganisms
bloodborne pathogens potentially infectious organisms that are carried in the blood
standard precautions the risk of the caregiver to expose to clients body tissues
universal precautions techniques to be used with all clients to decrease the risk of tranmissions of organisms
isolation practice that prevents the spread of illness
airborne precautions microorganisms that can be transmitted in the air
contact precautions used for clients who can transmit microrganisms by contact
sterile field a mircoorganism free area
what are the three different methods of transmission? direct, indirect, and airborne
what is the chain of infection? etiologic agent,reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, and suscepitible host
what are 5 signs of an infection pain, swelling, redness, heat, and impaired function of the part
Created by: jenniferpotwin
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