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OB final Exam chap4
Menstruation, menopause,
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the average age for the beginning of menarche | 12-17 - if not by 17 then healthcare investigation to check hormones |
| Why are vaginal sprays and douching not recommended? | sprays can cause irritation and douching increases vaginal infections |
| What is Menorrhagia? | Bleeding that is excessive in amount and duration and occurs at regular intervals |
| What is Metrorrhagia? | Bleeding usually of a normal amount occuring at irregular intervals. It is often referred to as spotting. |
| ____ is a painful menstration occures one day before or at start of mencese and usually have relief by second day | Dysmenorrhea-there is an increase in prostaglandins so take NSAID |
| Differentiate between primary and secondary dysmenorrhea (painful menstration) | Primary is not related to an underlying condition or pathology where secondary is. |
| What is Dyspareunia? | Paninful intercourse. |
| What is primary dysmenorrhea | Cramps without underlying disease |
| What causes Primary dysmenorrhea? | high concentrations of prostaglandins which are usually produced during menses. |
| TWhat is a treat for primary dysmenorrhea? | Oral Contraceptives, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), exercise (walking),rest, heat, nutrition and biofeedback |
| What is secondary dysmenorrhea? | is associated with pathology of the reproductive tract and usually appears after menstruation has been established. |
| What condtitions usually cause dysmenorrhea? | endometriosis, PID, anatomical anomalies such as cervical stenosis, imperforate hymen, uterine displacement, ovarian cyst, IUD. |
| What is Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)? | Is a diagnosis that may be applied to a subgroup of women with PMS whose symptoms are primarily related and severe enough to interfere with occupational and social functioning. |
| What medications can help alleviate symptoms of PMDD? | Prozac (serotonin agent), and Zoloft (serotonin agent). |
| Management of PMS | diet, vit B6, antidepressents. |
| ____ is a symptom complex associated with menstral cycle, starts about a week prior to menstration with leuteal phase | Premenstrual syndrom (PMS) |
| ___ is a normal process, not a disorder where ovaries stop producting estrogen | Menopause-Dx after one year without menstration |
| _________refers to the psychologic and physiologic changes that occur around the time of menopause. | Climacteric or change of life |
| ____________refers to the period of time prior to menopause during which the woman moves from normal ovulatory cycles to cessation of menses. | Perimenopause |
| 3 characteristic of perimenopause | decrease ovarian function, unstable endocrine physiology, unpredictible hormone profiles |
| Define Primary Amenorrhea | menses never established by 16yrs of age |
| Define secondary amenorrhea | menses that is established for at least 3 mo. and then stops. |
| what are the 4 possible causes of amenorrhea? | hypothalmic, pituitary dysfunction, ovarian failure, anatomic abnormality |
| How is dysmenorrhea tested for? | Transvaginal ultrasound, Hystersalpingography, and hysteroscopy. |
| What is the treatment for dysmenorrhea? | Surgery (hysterectomy), medication, Vitamine B (Relieve bloating) and E, Heat, exercise, massage |
| _______ cause hot flashes (flushing and nightsweats) of menopause | vasomotor changes |
| When is the best time to do a breast self examination | After period b/c hormones ar lowest |
| How long should a women leave a diaphragm in place after sex? | 6hrs. |
| Name 4 bacterially transmitted STD's | Gonorrhea, Chlamydia, Syphilis, Chancroid |
| Name 4 virally Transmitted STD's | Genital Herpes, Genital warts(HPV), HIV, Hepatitis B |
| Name 2 disease transmitted by skin to skin contact (cutaneous). | Pediculosis Pubis (Crabs), Scabies |
| What two STI cause the majority of pelvic inflammator disease (PID | Gonorrhea and Chlamydia |
| What bacteria causes gonorrhea? | Neisseria gonorrheaa |
| T or F most women do not exhibit symptoms | True. Women are usually asymptomatic. |
| An infant that is exposed to a gonococcal infected birth canal is at risk of developing what? | Opthalmia neonatorum. Eye prophylaxis is provided. |
| What are the symptoms of gonorrhea? | greenish-yellow discharge, dysuria, urinary frequency, some women develop inflammation and swelling of vulva, mild sore throat, stomach cramps, fever |
| What is the treatment of gonorrhea? | antibiotics: Ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, azithromycin, doxycycline |
| What are the signs that the infection of gonorrhea is worsening? | Sharp abdominal pain, fever, chills |
| What is the causitive bacteria of chlamydia? | Chlamydia trachomatis |
| What is the most common bacterial STI in the United states? | Chlamydia |
| Chlamydia infection can result in what? | PID, infertility, ectopic pregnancy |
| What are the symptoms of chlamydia? | Burning or frequent urination, lower abdominal pain, bleeding from the cervix, thin discharge |
| Chlamydia is a major cause of what in men? | NGU-nongonococcal urethritis |
| What is the gold standard test of chlamydia? | culture of cervical cells. |
| T or F chlamydia is usually asymptomatic is women? | True |
| What is the treatment of chlamydia? | azithromycin, doxycycline for non pregnant and erthromycin, amoxicilin. |
| what can occur if chlamydia is not treated? | Sterility, PID, premature infant birth, eye infections |
| What is the cause of syphilis? | spirochete Treponema pallidum |
| Symptoms if syphilis? | Early stage: a chancre (painless ulcer), slight fever, loss of weight, malaise, swollen glands. Late stage: skin warts, rash, acute arthritis, enlargement of liver and spleen, enlarged lymph nodes, chronic sore throat with hoarsness. |
| What is the treatment of syphilis? | Benzathine penicilin, doxycycline |
| What is a another name for HPV? | Condylomata acuminata |
| What is the cause of HPV | HPV is caused by a virus |
| What are the symptoms of HPV | Soft grayish cauliflower like lesions on genitals, asymptomatic, may cause itching, pain,and bleed easily Warm, moist environment of genitalia is conducive of their growth |
| What is the treatment of HPV? | no cure but treatment is available • Chemically treated with Trichloroacetic acid • Cover treated area with sodium bicarbonate bakingsoda) • Wash acid off in 4 hours • Freezing or laser therapy |
| What is Aids? | A viral disease caused by HIV that is fatal |
| What is the test for AIDS? | ELISA or western blot |
| What causes trichomoniasis | Caused by trichomonas vaginalis |
| Is trichomoniasis asymptomatic | yes often in women |
| what are the symptoms of trichomoniasis | green-yellow frothy ordorous discharge, vaginal itching, dysuria, dysparunia, occasional strawberry red spots on the cervix. |
| What are the risk to pregnant women? | Premature rupture of membranes, preterm birth , low birth weight |
| What is the treatment of trichomoniasis? | Metrodiazole- client should avoid alcohol while taking. |
| Etiology of pevic inflammatory disease | multiple sex partners, early sexual activity, IUD, recent gynecologic procedure. |
| What are the symptoms of PID | cramping in lower quadrants, fever greater than 101, chills, mucopurulent discharge, irregular bleeding, nausea, vomiting, |
| The goal of antibiotic therapy for PID is to prevent ____ of fallopian tubes | scarring |
| dysmenorrhea (pain), dyspareunia (painful intercourse), pelvic pain, constipation (pain on defecation) and infertility are all symptoms of | endometriosis |
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