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Nutrition CH7 - WK3

Vitamins

QuestionAnswer
Vitamins noncaloric essential nutrients necessary for many metabolic tasks and the prevention of associated deficiency diseases.
Dr. James Lind found that scurvy is caused by vitamin C deficiency.
Dr. Frederick Hopkins from Cambridge University; conducted a study on Two groups of rats; Proved that accessory factors are present in natural foods that are essential to life
These vitamins must be consumed – body doesn't make enough on own A, C, D, E, K
Definition of Vitamin 2 characteristics to define: It must be a vital, organic substance that is only necessary in extremely small amounts. It cannot be manufactured by the body in sufficient quantities to sustain life, so it must be supplied by diet.
Metabolism Enzymes and coenzymes – work together w/ other – the vitamin acts as a catalyst (coenzyme)
Vitamin C Tissue structure and protection; synthesis of collagen; Antioxidants- protect cell structures. Prevention of deficiency diseases Scurvy Beriberi Pellagra
Fat soluble vitamins require dietary fat for absorption and transport thru the body; can build up a toxic amount of these vitamins A, D, E, and K
Water soluble vitamins doesn't require a transporter; Not stored, so must be eaten on regular basis (exceptions: B12 and B6) Vitamin C and all the B vitamins – water soluble; to toxicity risk
Vitamin A Retinol; Functions are Vision, Tissue strength and immunity, Growth of soft tissue, stabilize soft (cell) membranes; help synthesis protein
beta-carotene how vit A is stored in food and then after you eat it, it becomes vit A
Where is Vitamin A stored? the liver
Vit A Toxicity symptoms joint pain, hair loss, ascities, thickened long bones and portal vein htn
Vitamin D Cholecalciferol; Not a true vitamin – made w/in body and requires the suns uv rays
Vit D Functions regulates rate of absorption of calcium and phosphorus
Vit D Deficiency Rickets (long bones can't support weight – because they are bending, more prone to breaking) and osteoporosis (brittle bones d/t loss of bone density – weak or spongey; can lead to spontaneous fractures)
Toxicity symptoms calcification located in soft tissue (kidney stones); can occur in the lungs (more prevalent in children b/c everything is fortified w/ more vits
Vit D Food sources fish, liver oil, fortified foods (milk, margerine)
Vitamin E Tocopherol
Vitamin E Functions Antioxidant function; Protects RBCs; Works w/ selenium and acts as an antioxidant in multiple tissues inside the body
Vitamin E Deficiency Hemolytic anemia (breakdown of RBC and not enough blood – happens in premies; prone to jaundice; happens in adulthood when you have a malasorption disease: crohns disease; can happen on antibiotics)
Vitamin K Functions blood clotting, Bone development
Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid) Functions Connective tissue General body metabolism Antioxidant function
Thiamin (Vitamin B1)Functions Gastrointestinal system Nervous system Cardiovascular system
Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) Functions Energy production Tissue protein building
Niacin (Vitamin B3) Functions Energy metabolism DNA repair
Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) Functions Protein metabolism Neurotransmitter
Folate Functions DNA synthesis Hemoglobin synthesis Amino acid synthesis
Folate Deficiency Diseases Megaloblastic anemia, Neural tube defects
Cobalamin (Vitamin B12) Functions Synthesis of nonprotein heme portion of hemoglobin Proper nervous system functioning
Vit B12 Deficiency Diseases Pernicious anemia
Pantothenic Acid functions Needed to extract energy from all macronutrients
Biotin functions Synthesis of fatty and amino acids
Choline functions Structural integrity of cell membranes Neurotransmission
Choline deficiency disease Liver damage
Phytochemicals Bioactive molecules with health benefits Act as antioxidants or hormones
Phytochemicals functions Reduced risk of chronic disease Protection against coronary heart disease Improved overall colon function Prevention of age related macular degeneration Cancer prevention Increased antioxidant status
Created by: MarieG
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