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N232-U3-SMOKING CESS
SMOKING CESSATION
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the most effective method in eliminating smoking-related illnesses is | to prevent people from starting use of tobacco |
| half of all long-term smokers die prematurely from | smoking related causes |
| tobacco use is the single most preventable | cause of death and disease in the US |
| almost all first use occurs before the age of | 18 |
| for those that already smoke, what is the best and surest option for reducing health risks? | stopping |
| cigarette smoking is the single most | avoidable cause of death and disability in the US |
| smoking can be thought of as a chronic illness with | exacerbations and remissions |
| a brief tobacco use assessment can help identify thos people who are | highly nicotine-dependent, or lack motivation and confidence to quit |
| medications treat what component of smoking | addiction |
| behavioral counseling addresses the | habit |
| the habit is addressed by _________, the addiction is addressed by ________ | behavioral counseling; medications |
| are any methods proven to prevent relapse? | no |
| to highlight it's importance, consider smoking status as | a vital sign |
| encouraging smoking cessation is now recognized as an | important part of medical care and public health. |
| prevalence of smoking has decreased by what % over the last 50 years | 50 |
| what percentage of americans have never smoked | 58 |
| which gender has more smokers? | men |
| smoking is most commong among | american indians/native alaskans |
| smoking is least common among | asians/pacific islanders and hispanics |
| which is more likely to smoke: pacific islander or native alaskan? | native alaskan |
| native is to smoker as islanders and asians is to | nonsmoker |
| the prevalence of smoking for both blacks and whites is | 21% |
| what percentage of 18 to 64 yo smoke? | 22-24 |
| what percent of people over 65 smoke? | 8.8 |
| a person with more than 16 years of education is more or less likely to smoke? | less |
| a person with 10 years of education is more or less likely to smoke? | more |
| smoking and education have what type of relationship | inverted |
| the highest percentage of young adult smokers is in men with | less than 12 years of education |
| what percent of young adult smokers are men with less than 12 years of education | 40 |
| overall 26% of all young adult ____ and 22% of all young adult ___ smoke. | men; women |
| smoking is more common in what socioeconomic groups | lower |
| about 21% of people at or above the poverty line smoke; compared to 29% of those | above the poverty line |
| smoking and socioeconomic groups have a | inverted relationship |
| the higher the socioeconomic group the | lower the incident of smoking |
| the higher the education the | lower the incident of smoking |
| the US govts healthy people 2010 goal for adult smoking rate is | less than 12% |
| less than 12% is the | healthy people 2010 goal |
| 2010...2 plus 10....12 | 12% is the healthy people 2010 goal for smoking rate |
| What is the biggest preventable cause of premature mortality in the US | smoking |
| Exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke is a significant health risk for | nonsmokers |
| Secondhand smoke is especially harmful to those with | pre-existing respiratory and cardiac conditions |
| Health care professionals should routinely question all their patients about exposure to | secondhand smoke |
| Health care professionals should advise their patients to adopt | a smoke-free home and car policy |
| What affect can smoking and/or second hand smoke have on bones | low bone density leading to fractures |
| What type of hematologic cancer does smoking cause | myeloid leukemia |
| For current smokers, what was the most prevelant condition | chronic bronchitis |
| What was the second most prevelant condition of current smokers | emphysema For former smokers what are the three most prevalent conditions |
| Tobacco use is the single most ___ ____ of death and disease in the US | preventable cause |
| An estimated ___ million American adults currently smoke cigarettes | 45 |
| Annually, cigarette smoking causes more than _____ deaths | 400,000 |
| Exposure to second hand smoke causes ____ ___ and ____ in nonsmokers | premature death and disease |
| For current smokers in 2000, what was the most prevelant condition | chronic bronchitis |
| The most effective way to eliminate smoking-related illness is to _____ | prevent people from starting use of tobacco |
| Stopping smoking _____ the risk of many of the conditions associated with smoking | reduces |
| Lag times differ among conditions between | smoking and development of disease |
| For some conditions the risk falls off quickly __________ toward the level of a never smoker | after quitting |
| For some conditions the risk remains elevated for many __ | decades |
| Individual risk often depends on | previous duration and intensity of smoking and varies between those with and without pre-existing evidence of disease |
| What age group of smokers have the greatest chance of avoiding adverse smoking-related events | young |
| The largest potential benefits of cessation lie with what age-group | young |
| Are there benefits from quitting even among elderly smokers | yes |
| What are the two top cancers that cause death in male smokers | lung and respiratory |
| What are the two top cancers that cause death in female smokers | vascular and respiratory |
| Is lung cancer the top cancer that causes death in women | no |
| What is the top cancer that causes death in women | vascular |
| What gender has the highest incident of death related to lung cancer caused by smoking | male |
| A study by british doctors suggests a life expectancy increase of how many years for 30 year olds | 30 |
| Evidence supports that cessation is beneficial for all age groups and the | earlier smokers quit the closer will their chances of survival resemble that of never smokers |
| What type of cancer represents the biggest cause of smoking-related cancer mortality | lung |
| In the development of coronary heart disease smoking reduces the ability of the blood to | carry oxygen and causes progressive artherosclerosis |
| Smoking is the ______ risk factor for _____ _________ ________ | peripheral artery disease |
| Second hand smoke is now a recognized carcinogen, containing over ___ | 50 harmful chemicals |
| What are the two aspects to cessation | making a quit attempt and maintaining cessation |
| Two studies found that ___ was the key predictor of cessation success | nicotine dependence |
| Nicotine dependence is assessed by | length of time to first cigarette of the day and number of cigarettes smoked per day |
| If a person has a variable number of cigarettes a day and/or smoke less than daily their nicotine dependence is | low |
| If a quit date has been set or a person has a strong desire to quit their predictive factor is | high motivation |
| Define longer prior attempt | longest time off smoking in the past >6 months |
| Prior quit attempts a Prior quit attempts during what time frame | last year |
| If a person hasn’t smoked within 2 weeks of attempt to quit they are said to have | initial success |
| Higher socioeconomic status is a strong predictive factor to cessation, how is it assessed | by length of education or income |
| What gender has a higher success rate for quitting | men |
| The largest reductions in smoking prevalence in the US has been from | price increases |
| What is the first global health treaty negotiated under the WHO | framework convention on tobacco control (FCTC) |
| Name three effecting drug treatments | nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), bupropion and varenicline |
| What is the mechanism of action for NRT | reduces nicotine withdrawal symptoms |
| Which drugs exhibit independent neurologic effects | bupropion |
| Which drug is a partial nicotine receptor agonist | varenicline |
| NRT increases odds of cessation by | 1 |
| 5-2 times | |
| Bupropion increases the odds of cessation by | 2 times |
| Varenicline increases the odds of cessation by | 3 times |
| Which drug increases the odds of cessation more | varenicline |
| How does varenicline work when people relapse and have a cigarette | it reduces the effect of nicotine when they do smoke |
| How is varenicline dosed | titrated up until 1mg bid on day 8 |
| How many weeks is varenicline used | 12 |
| How many cycles of varenicline can be given | two |
| Nortriptyline or clonidine are also effective smoking cessation drugs, why are they not used as much | side effects |
Created by:
Lori Dobrisky
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