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muscluloskeletal dia

G. Carlson's Musculoskeletal diagnosis

QuestionAnswer
What is an immunoglobulin (antibody) which can bind to other antibodies. RHEUMATOID FACTOR, is most relevant in rheumatoid arthritis.
Is RF found in everyone's blood who has RA? No, it is mostly found in adults. RF is not seen in most juvenile RA patients
Rheumatic factor is used for testing what diseases or infections? # Sjogren's syndrome # Systemic lupus erythematosus # Scleroderma # Renal disease # Liver disease # Osteomyelitis
In what related diseases/infections (relevant) to this chapter can RF not be used to diagnose? Gout & osteoarthritis
An extremely high RF is indicative of what disease processes (generally above 20 IU/mL, 1:40, or over the 95th percentile; rheumatoid nodules and rheumatoid lung disease.
RF is measured in a titer or positive/negative. What is a normal titer? 1:2 is considered normal.
How does RF show up in older adults some can have a false positive
What does RF measure RFs consist mainly of immunoglobulins M and G, and they bind with antigens forming immune complexes.
What does ANA measure measures the titer of unusual antibodies that destroy the nuclei of cells and cause tissue death in patients with autoimmune disease.
How is ANA manifested in RA? It can often be negative (value less than 1:40), EARLY IN THE DISEASE PROCESS
A positive ANA (>1:40)is indicative of what diseases It is more commonly positive in other rheumatic diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus and scleroderma
Statistically speaking the incidence of positive ANA (in percent) per conditon is: (from the diseases we studied) * Systemic lupus erythematosus (lupus or SLE) - over 95% * Progressive systemic sclerosis (scleroderma) - 60-90% * Rheumatoid Arthritis - 25-30% * Sjogren's syndrome - 40-70% * Felty's syndrome - 100% * Juvenile arthritis - 15
This test can be used to monitor inflammatory or cancerous diseases. It is a screening test, which means it cannot be used to diagnose a specific disorder. ESR (sed rate) normal is below 20. However, it is useful in detecting and monitoring tuberculosis, tissue death, certain forms of arthritis, autoimmune disorders, and inflammatory diseases that cause vague symptoms.
Very high ESR levels occur with: * Body-wide (systemic) infection * Giant cell arteritis * Hyperfibrinogenemia (increased fibrinogen levels in the blood) * Multiple myeloma * Macroglobulinemia - primary * Necrotizing vasculitis * Polymyalgia rheumatica
An increased ESR rate may be due to: * Anemia * Endocarditis * Kidney disease * Osteomyelitis * Rheumatic fever * Rheumatoid arthritis * Syphilis * Systemic lupus erythematosus * Thyroid disease * Tuberculosis * Other inflammatory condition
what serum complement is done for SLE C3 and C4 levels are the most frequently ordered, AND THE VALUE IS DECREASED WHEN SLE IS PRESENT
C-reactive protein (CRP) is C-reactive protein (CRP) is an acute phase reactant, a substance made by the liver and secreted into the bloodstream within a few hours after the start of an infection or inflammation.
In SLE is C-reactive up or down up
What is INR used for The International Normalized Ratio (INR) is used to monitor the effectiveness of blood thinning drugs
What is PT used for Prothrombin time (PT) evaluates the ability of blood to clot properly, it can be used to help diagnose bleeding.
What is a DXA scan used for The DXA scan is typically used to diagnose and follow osteoporosis, a means of measuring bone mineral density (BMD).
Bone Densitometry? Bone density scanning, also called dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) or bone densitometry, is an enhanced form of x-ray technology that is used to measure bone loss. DXA is today's established standard for measuring bone mineral density (BMD).
What is DXA good for have had x-ray evidence of vertebral fracture or other signs of osteoporosis.
Created by: Jillzs
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