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Phys. Assess Ch. 13
Head, Neck
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the head? | a rigid body box that protects the brain and special sense organs, and it includes the bones of the cranium and the face |
| What are the cranial bones? | frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal |
| What are sutures? | adjacent cranial bones that unite at meshed immovable joints |
| What bones are not joined at birth? | cranial bones |
| What does the coronal suture? | crowns the head from ear to ear at the union of the frontal and pariental bones |
| What does the saggittal suture? | seperates the head lenthwise between the 2 parietal bones |
| What does the lamboid suture? | seperates the parietal bones crosswise from the occipital bone |
| How many facial bones are there? | 14 |
| What is the cranium supported by? | cervical vertebra |
| What is C1? | Atlas |
| What is C2? | Axis |
| What does the C7 vertabra have? | a long spinous process that is palpable when the head is flexed called the vertebra prominens |
| What does the human face have? | a myriad appearance and a large array of factial expressions that reflect mood. |
| Facial structures are? | symmetric |
| What are openings between the eyelids? | palperabral fissures |
| What are the creases extending from the nose to each corner of the mouth? | nasolabial folds |
| What cranial nerve is pain and touch? | 3 sensory branches of cranial nerve V, the trigeminal nerve |
| What are the glands? | salivary, parotid, submandibular, sublingual |
| Where are the parotid glands? | cheecks, largest, but cant feel |
| Where are the submandibular glands? | under the mandibule at angle of the jaw |
| Where are the sublingual glands? | floor of mouth |
| What artery is palpable in the head? | temporal artery |
| What does the carotid supply? | face, salivary glands and superficial temporal area |
| What are the major neck muscles? | sternomastoid and the trapezius |
| What does the sternomastoid do? | rotates head and flexs head |
| What does the trapezius muscles do? | move shoulders and extend and turn head |
| The sternomastoid muscle divides each side of the neck into? | 2 triangles |
| The anterior triangle? | lies in the front |
| Where is the posterior triange? | behind the sternomastoid muscle |
| What is the thyroid gland? | important endocrine gland with a rich blood supply |
| What does the thyroid glad secrete? | Thyroxine and triiodothyronine (stimulates the rate of cellular metabolism) |
| How many lobes does the thyroid gland have? | 2 |
| What is right above the thyroid isthmus? | cricoid carilage |
| What is above the cricoid carilage? | thyroid cartilage |
| What is an adam apples in males? | thyroid cartilage |
| What is the highest bone in the neck? | hyoid bone |
| The head and neck have a rich supply of? | lymph nodes |
| Where are the preauricular nodes? | front of the ear |
| Where are the posterior auricular nodes? | superficial to the mastoid process |
| Where are the occipital nodes? | base of skull |
| Where are the submental nodes? | behind the tip of the mandible |
| Where are the submandibular nodes? | halfway between the angle of the tip of the mandible |
| Where is the jugulodisgastic nodes? | under the angle of the mandible |
| Where are the superficial cervicals nodes? | overlying the sternomastiod muscle |
| Where is the deep cervical node? | deep under the sternomastiod muscle |
| Where is the posterier cervical node? | in the posterior triangle alsong the edge of the trapezius muscle |
| Where is the supraclacicular node? | just above and begind the clavical, at the sternomastoid muscle |
| What is the immune systems job? | to detect and eliminate foreign substances from the body |
| What are lymph nodes? | small, oval clusters of lymphatic tissue that are set at intervals along the lymph vessels like beads on a string |
| What do the nodes do? | filter the lymph and engulf pathogens, preventing protentially harmful substances from entering the circulation |
| What are the 4 places lymph nodes can be felt? | head and neck, arms, axillea, and inguinal region |
| Where is the greatest supply of lymph nodes? | head and neck |
| What are the bones of a neonatal skull seperated by? | sutures and fontanels |
| What do the "soft spots" in a developing skull help? | the brain to grow during the 1st year |
| When is the triangle posterior fontanel closed by on the skull? | 1-2 months |
| When is the diamond anterior fontanel closed on the skull? | 9 months - 2 years |
| Head size is greater than what at birth? | chest circumfrance |
| When does lymphoid tissue grow to adult size? | 6 yrs old |
| What enlarges slightly druing pregnancy? | thyroid gland |
| What do you ask about a headache? | frequent or severs, onset, gradual or suddenly |
| What do you ask about location of headache? | where is the pain |
| What is the character of a headache? | throbbing, aching |
| What is the course and duration of a headache? | time of day it occurs, how long does it last, daily headaches |
| Whata re precipitating factors of a headache? | what brings it on, what makes you have a headache |
| What are associated factors of a headache? | any relation to other symptoms, N&V?, vision changes, pain with lights |
| What makes a headache worse? | movement, coughing, straining, excercise |
| What do you ask about the pattern of a headache? | family history |
| What do you ask about the frequency of headaches? | once a week, close together |
| What do you ask about effort to treat headaches? | What helps your headache |
| What are coping strategies when you get a headache? | Do they affect ADL's |
| What do you ask about onset of head injury? | when? what happened? |
| What do you ask about setting after head injury? | were you wearing a helmet |
| What do you ask about how they were before a head injury? | were they dizzy, lightheaded, blackout, lose consciousness |
| What do you ask about location of a head injury? | where is it |
| What do you ask about duration of a head injury? | how long were you unconcoius |
| What are associated symptoms of a head injury? | any pain, vision change, discharge, able to move, any tremors |
| What do you ask about pattern after a head injury? | are the symptoms worse or better |
| What do you ask about the effort to treat a head injury? | emergency department, or taking meds |
| What do you ask about dizziness? | was it a feeling of lightheadedness or falling, or spinning |
| What do you ask about onset of neck pain? | how did it start |
| What are associated effects of neck pain? | any limitation to ROM, numbness or tingling |
| What are precipitating factors of neck pain? | what causes pain, do you need a lift |
| What do you ask about lumps or swelling in neck? | any tenderness, infections, difficulty swallowing, do you smoke, when was last drink, ever had a th |
| What is normocephalic? | the term that denotes a round symmetric ckill that is related to body size |
| What do you assess about facial expressions? | are they appropriate |
| How do arteries feel when someone has temporal arteritis? | hard and tender |
| What does edema in the face usually occur? | around the eyes |
| What do you assess about symmetry of the neck? | is centered, head held errect and still |
| When does head tilt occur? | with muscle spasm |
| When doe srigid head and neck occur? | with arthritis |
| How do you assess range of motion? | have pt put chin to chest, head to right and left, and to look up |
| How do you test muscle strength? | try to resist pt's movement as the pt shrugs their shoulders |
| the parotid is swollen with? | mumps or AIDS |
| If any nodes are palapable note? | location, size, shape, delimitation, modility, consistency and tenderness |
| Normal nodes feel? | moveable, discrete, soft and tender |
| What is lymphadenopathy? | enlargement of the lymph nodes |
| How are nodes when they are infected? | bilarteral, enlarge, warm, tender, and firm |
| How are nodes when they are cancerous? | hard, unilateral, nontender, and fixed |
| How are nodes when a person has HIV? | enlarged, firm, nontender, mobile |
| What kind of nodes appear with Hodgkin's lymphoma? | painless, rubbery, discrete nodes |
| When palpating the thyroid gland give the pt? | drink water |
| If they thyroid is enlarged listen for a bruit, what is a bruit? | a soft, pulsatile, wooshing, blowing sound heard best will the bell |
| How long do you measure and infants head? | till 2 years |
| What is a newborn's head measure? | 32-38 CM |
| What is microcephalic? | head size small |
| What is macrocephalic? | head size big |
| Asian children have? | braod necks |
| Nordic children have? | long heads |
| What occurs with rickets? | frontal bulges or "bossing" |
| What is caput succedaneum? | edematous swelling and ecchymosis of the presenting part of the head caused by birth trauma |
| What is caphalhematomoa? | a subperiosteal hemorrhage, which is also a result of birth trauma |
| When do suture lines become unpalpable? | 5-6 months |
| How do the frontanels feel? | firm, concave, and well defined |
| What fontanel may not be palpable at birth? | posterior |
| You should note the infants? | head posture, and head control |
| Head control is acheived by? | 4 months |
| Check facial features for? | symmetry, appearance, and presence of swelling |
| Flattening occurs with? | rickets and mental retardation |
| Depressed and sunken fontanels occur with ? | dehydration and malnutrition |
| A buldging fontanel occures with? | intracranial pressure |
| Delayed closure of fontanel occurs with? | hydrocephalus, down syndrom, hypothyroidism, or rickets |
| A small fontanel is a sign of? | microcephaly |
| Tnic neck reflex beyond 5 months may indicate? | brain damage |
| head tilt occurs with? | habit, spasm, poor vision, or brain tumor |
| Head lag after 4 months may indicate? | mental or motor retardation |
| unilateral immobility indicated? | nerve damage |
| A short neck or webbing may indicate? | congenital abnormality |
| head tilt and limited ROM occur with? | torticollis |
| resistance to flexion indicates? | meningitis |
| What is craniotabes? | softening of the skull's outer layer, may be normal in infants |
| When listening to baby's skull you will hear? | cracked pot sound |
| When do you use transillumination? | if you suspect abnomal head size |
| Craniotabes may occur with? | rickets, hydrocephaly, or congenital syphilis |
| What enlarges with hodgkin's disease? | supraclaviculare nodes |
| After 5 years bruits indicates? | increased intracranial pressure, aneurysm, or ateriovenous shunt |
| presence of halo of light through the skull indicates? | a loss or thinning of cerebral cortex |
| During the second trimester of pregnancy what may show on the face? | chloasma |
| What is chloasma? | blotchy, hyperpigmented area over cheeks and forehead |
| What are senile tremors? | head nodding, tongue protrusion |
| What is hydrocephalus? | obstruction of drainage of cerebrospinal fluid, increase pressure, and enlarge head |
| What is paget's disease of bone? | softens, thickens, and deforms bone, more often in males, bowed long bones, fractures, frontal bossing and enlarging skull bones (cause headache, vertigo, tinnitus, deafness, and optic atrophy |
| What is acromegaly? | excessive secretion of growth hormone, enlarged skull and thickened cranial bones |
| What is torticollis? | hematoma in one sternomastiod muscle, head tilt, limited ROM, firm, discrete, nontender mass |
| What is thyroid multiple nodules? | inflammation or a multinodular goiter |
| What is thyroid single nodule? | painless, rapidly growing nodule |
| What is pilar cyst? | smooth, firm, fluctuant swelling on the scalp, overlying skin, shiny |
| What is parotid gland enlargement? | rapid painful inlammation of the parotid occurs with mumps |
| What is fetal alcohol syndrome? | narrow palpebral fissures, epicanthal folds, and midfaciol hypoplasia |
| What is congenital hypothyroidism? | low hairline, hirsute forehead, swollen eyelids, widely spaced eyes, depressed nasal bridge, puffy face, thick tongue protruding through an open mouth |
| What is down syndrome? | upslanting eyes, inner epicanthal folds, flat nasal bridge, small broad flat nose, protruding thick tongue, ear dysplasia, small hands |
| What is atopic facies? | exhaused face, blue shadow below eyes, double or single crease on lower eyelids, open mouth breathing |
| What are allergic salute and crease? | wehre kid uses hand to always push up on the nose |
| What is parkinson's disease? | a deficiency of the neurotransmitter dopamine and degeration of the basal ganglia in the brain, face expressionless, elevated eyebrows, staring gaze, oily skin, drooling |
| What is cushing's syndrome? | excessive secretion of ACTH and chronic steriod use, rounded moon like face, red cheecks, hirsutism on the upper lib, lower cheeks, and shin, acneiform rash on chest |
| What is hyperthyroidism? | goiter is an increase in the size of the thyroid gland, occurs with graves disease, fatique, weight loss, muscle cramps, and heat intolerace, tachycardia, short breath, sweating, tremors, and silky hair and skin |
| What is bell's palsy? | lower motor neuron lesion producing cranial nerve VII paralysis, comple paralysis of one half of the face, pain behind ear |
| What is myxedema? | deficiency of thyroid hormone, pitting edema and myxedema, putty face, dry skin and dry coarse hair |
| What is brain attack or cerebrovascular accident? | upper motor neuron lesion, stroke, obstruction of a cerebral vessel, paplysis of lower facial muscles, upper half of face is not affected |
| What is cachectic appearance? | chronic wasting disease, cancer, dehydration, and starvation, sunken eyes, holow cheeks, and exhausted, defeated expression |
| What is scleroderma? | hard skin, connective tissue disease hardening and shrinking degernarative changes in the skin, blood vessels, synovium and skeletal muscles, canges occur in skin, heart, esophagus, kidney, and lung (pursed lips with radial furrowing, absent skinfolds. |
Created by:
alicia.rennaker
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