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espnlsIIIgastro
Espn LSIIIgastro
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| List 6 accessory organs of the GI tract LS III GASTRO | Teeth, Gall Bladder Tongue, Liver Salivary glands, Pancreas |
| What is the function of the tongue in the digestive process LS III GASTRO | Helps move food in the mouth to esophagus and to aid in swallowing |
| What type of tissue is the esophagus composed of? LS III GASTRO | Smooth muscle |
| The esophagus carries food from the mouth to the stomach by ?? & ?? LS III GASTRO | Paristalisis & Gravity |
| The salivary glands produce ____ to _______ ml. of saliva every day LS III GASTRO | 1000 to 1500 ml. |
| The opening of the stomach from the esophagus is called the ______ or ______ LS III GASTRO | Cardiac sphincter Lower esophageal sphincter (les) |
| List 3 functions of HCL acid in the stomach LS III GASTRO | Softens the connective tissue of moats, kills bacteria and activates pepsin |
| What is intrinsic factor and why do we need it LS III GASTRO | A substance secreted by gastric mucosa Absorb Vitamin B12 |
| What condition results if we lack intrinsic factor LS III GASTRO | Pernicious anemia |
| What is gastrin and what does it do LS III GASTRO | Hormone secreted by mucosa of pyloric area of stomach and duodenum Controls gastric acidity |
| The small intestine terminates at the LS III GASTRO | ileocecal valve |
| 90% of digestion takes place in the LS III GASTRO | Small intestine |
| Each villa in the small intestine is a ________ designed to absorb ___________. They increase absorption by _____X. LS III GASTRO | Fingerlike projection products of digestion into blood stream 600X |
| Bile and pancreatic enzymes enter into the _______ via the______ LS III GASTRO | Duodenum common bile duct |
| 'the primary function of the large intestine is to _____, but it also ______________ LS III GASTRO | absorb H20 manufacture certain vit., formation of feces and expulsion of feces. |
| The hepatic flexure is where the __________ colon turns to for the _____colon LS III GASTRO | acending transverse |
| The splenic flexure is where the _____ colon turns to form the ______colon LS III GASTRO | transverse descending |
| The descending colon terminates into ______ which terminates into the LS III GASTRO | Sigoid rectum |
| The ileocecal valve's purpose is to ??? LS III GASTRO | open and release contentsinto the large intesetine No Backflow |
| What disease does ulceratie colitits put a person at risk for LS III GASTRO | colorectal cancer |
| Why is it important to drink fluids and take a laxative after a barium study LS III GASTRO | to get barium expelled before it caused a hardened barium impaction |
| if both the upper and lower GI are ordered, which one should be done first? Why? LS III GASTRO | Lower first to prevent obstruction |
| What are 2 serious potentioal complications of GI endoscopy LS III GASTRO | perforation hypovolemic shock |
| Why do endoscopies require informed consent LS III GASTRO | invasive procedure |
| What position should your patient who has just had a liver biopsy be in LS III GASTRO | right side to prevent bleeding |
| what should the activity level be for the patient who just had a liver biopsy LS III GASTRO | Bedrest for 24 hours |
| why should you hae your patient void prior to a parecentesis LS III GASTRO | less chance of rupturing bladder |
| **KNOW THIS Is the patient Up or down in Liver disease LS III GASTRO | Up doesn't produce clotting factor 7, 9, 10, 11 |
| What condition would an Amylase of 1800 U/dland a lipase U/dL be indicative of LS III GASTRO | Pancreatitis |
| Define Adhesions LS III GASTRO | Fibrous bands that hold parts together that are normally separate |
| Define bilirubin LS III GASTRO | Yellow pigment in bile dervied from hemoglobin in broken down RBC's |
| Define Cullen's sign LS III GASTRO | bluish, discoloration around umbilicus d/t intraperitoneal hemorrhage |
| Define Gavage LS III GASTRO | instilling soemthing into stomach |
| Define Hemaemesis LS III GASTRO | vomiting of blood |
| Define Lavage LS III GASTRO | removal of stomach content |
| Define Melena LS III GASTRO | black tarry tools d/t digestion of blood |
| Name the two types of hiatal hernia LS III GASTRO | esophogeal or sliding and rolling or diaphragmatic |
| What is the medicinal treatment for hiatal hernias LS III GASTRO | H2 antagonist antacids |
| Why are symptoms worse at night for a Hiatal hernia? What can the patient do to minimize them? LS III GASTRO | Gravity from laying down Avoid caffeine, fatty foods, smoking |
| how does losing weight help with the signs & symptoms of Hiatal hernia LS III GASTRO | Decrease regurgitation of food |
| Where do most ulcerations occur? LS III GASTRO | Duodenum |
| What is the relationship of H. pylori to the development of peptic ulcers LS III GASTRO | H-pylori secretes toxins and enzymes treat with antibiotic to Hiladac |
| List 8 risk factors for developing an ulcer discussed in class LS III GASTRO | stress, smoking, altered eating patterns, NSAIDS, HPyloric, Increased acidity, family history, ETOH |
| describe the "typical" pain associated with an ulcer LS III GASTRO | Heartburn, epigastric burning or achingLeft mid upgastagia 2 hr. before eating helps to eat |
| What OTC meds should the pt. with an ulcer be instructed to avoid? LS III GASTRO | aspirin & NSAIDS |
| What are the 3 goals of treatment for PUD LS III GASTRO | Reducing exaccerbating factorts, block acid prod., Protect ulcer so it heals carafate healing of ulcer, decrease recurrance of ulcer |
| List 5 possible complications of stomach surgery LS III GASTRO | Diarrhea, reflux esophagitis, nutritional deficits, pernicious anemia, dumping syndrome, hypoglycemia, malabsorptions |
| How does a Vagotomy help a pt. with PUD LS III GASTRO | Reduce acid secretion, decrease gastric motility |
| How do histamine blockers help PUD pt. LS III GASTRO | Decrease acid secretions by blocking the histamine receptor |
| How do antacids help PUD LS III GASTRO | Neutralizes or decrease the acidity of stomach contents |
| How does Carafate help with PUD LS III GASTRO | Puts protective coating on stomach |
| Why do they need an antibiotic for PUD LS III GASTRO | treat H Pylori |
| Define Borborymi LS III GASTRO | Loud splash noise in stomach bowels gurgling sound from air moving |
| Define dyspepsia LS III GASTRO | heartburn indigestion |
| Define pyloroplasty LS III GASTRO | surgical repair of pylorus to widen the opening |
| Describe the typical abd. in a pt. with peritonitis LS III GASTRO | distended tender to touch ridgity |
| Who is at risk for developing peritonitis LS III GASTRO | diverticular abscess and rupture, acute appendicitis with rupture, strangulated hernia, chemical irritation, pancreatitis, ruptured gallbladder |
| What kind of diet should a patient with Dumping Syndrome be on? and Why LS III GASTRO | Low carb, high protein, high fat, decreased sodium, decrease sugarhypoglucemic. Dumping syndrome casued by too many carbs absorbed too fast. |
| Why does the patient with dumping syndrome blood sugar drop LS III GASTRO | Because of sudden and copious diarrhea,rapid rise in blood sugar, pancreas puts alot insulin out |
| Why do patients with pernicious anemia develop parasthesias LS III GASTRO | B12 essential to producton of myelin, nerve pulse production |
| What foods are high in B12 LS III GASTRO | Liver, dark leafy greens, beans nuts citrus fruit |
| What part of the stomach are most gastric cancers located LS III GASTRO | pyloric area |
| Should you irrigatean N/G tube on a patient with recent gastric surgery? Why or why not LS III GASTRO | Only with a physician order. Not to damage suture |
| Define anastomosis LS III GASTRO | Surgical connection of 2 tubular structures |
| Define ascites LS III GASTRO | accumulation of fluid in peritoneal cavity |
| Define Achalasia LS III GASTRO | abnormal condition inability of a muscle, particularly cardio sphincter |
| How is Achalasia diagnosed LS III GASTRO | barrium swallow, manometry shows abscence of primary peristalsis |
| Name 3 classes of drugs used to treat achalasia LS III GASTRO | anticholinergics, nitrates and calcium channel blockers |
| What is the surgical treatment for achalasia LS III GASTRO | Cardiomyotomy |
| What is the earliest and most common symptom of esophageal cancer LS III GASTRO | difficulty swallowing, dysphagia |
| What are the 2 most common risk factors for esophageal cancer LS III GASTRO | ETOH, tobacco, achalasa |
| What other disease/condition is it associated with esophageal cancer | Reflux esoph |
| What diet is recommended for patients with GERD LS III GASTRO | lowfat, low acid, 6 small meals |
| What kind of things can you teach your pt. about reducing the s/s associated with GERD? LS III GASTRO | Upright after eating |
| What is a "Barrett's esophagus" LS III GASTRO | Inflammation of lower esophagus |
| What condition/disease does "Barrett's Esophagus" put a patient at risk for LS III GASTRO | |
| How many ml. is the stomach pouch that's formed for gastric bypass surgery? LS III GASTRO | 15-20 ml. |
| Describe the appearance of the gastric mucosa in a pt. with acute gastritis LS III GASTRO | Red inflammed |
| What are the 2 most common causes of a small bowel obstruction LS III GASTRO | adhesionss and incarcerated hernia |
| Describe the bowel sounds in a patient with a paralytic ileus LS III GASTRO | severe pain results and bowel sounds absent |
| What is the purpose of a Miller - Abott tube LS III GASTRO | a double-channel intestinal tube with an inflatable balloon at its distal end, for use in treatment of obstruction of the small intestine, and occasionally as a diagnostic aid. |
| What does it mean if a hernia is reducible LS III GASTRO | Can be returned to its original position by manipulation |
| What can you teach your patient about caring for scrotal edema following an inguinal hernia repair LS III GASTRO | Elevate with ice packs' |
| What part of the bowel is typically affected by Crohns Disease LS III GASTRO | Small intestines particularly terminal ileum and sometimes ascending colon RLQ |
| What do the stools in Crohns Disease look like LS III GASTRO | Diarrhea, soft or semi formed melema may occur if ulcers erode blood vessels |
| What is the diet usually prescribed for the pt. with Crohn's disease LS III GASTRO | High protein, low bulk, high calorie, high vitamin |
| Define Fissure LS III GASTRO | a break or slit in tissue usually at the junction of skin and mucous |
| Define Volvulus LS III GASTRO | a twisting of the intestine upon itself that casues obstruction |
| Define Incarcerated LS III GASTRO | or Irreducible cannot be returned to its body cavity |
| Define Intussusception LS III GASTRO | the slipping of a length of intestine into an adjacent portion usually producing obstruction |
| Define Strangulated LS III GASTRO | When blood supply and intestinal flow are occluded. Immediate surgery required |
| Define Herniorrhaphy LS III GASTRO | A surgical procedure for a repair of a hernia |
| Define hernioplasty LS III GASTRO | A surgical repair of a hernia |
| In what part of the bowel does ulcerative collitis occur LS III GASTRO | Colon and rectal mucosa & submucosa of colon |
| Describe the changes that occur in the bowel with chronic ulcerative colitis: LS III GASTRO | Muscular hypertrophy, narrowing of lumen |
| What do the stools look like with ulcerative colitis? LS III GASTRO | bloody mucous liquid 15 - 20 times per day |
| In what ways is ulcerative colitis similar to crohns Disease | Continuous abdominal pain, increase risk of cancer, inflammation, known for exacerbation and remissions. Corticosteroids are used if no response to anti inflammatory, cause is unknown, Both respond well to anti inflammatory sulfasalazines |
| What type of diet should a patient with ulcerative colitis be on LS III GASTRO | High protein, high calorie |
| What is the surgical treatment for ulcerative colitis LS III GASTRO | Removal of colon, rectum and anus with ileostomy |
| Describe the typical pain associated with appendicitis LS III GASTRO | abdominal tenderness, rebound tenderness |
| What are two things that should be avoided if appendicitis is suspected LS III GASTRO | no opiods, no heat |
| Describe the typical pain associated with diverticulitis LS III GASTRO | mild severe pain in lower quad |
| List 3 things that increase the risk for diverticuloitis LS III GASTRO | older than 50, highly refined diet, decreased residual diet |
| What type of diet should a patient with diverticulitis be on LS III GASTRO | If not inflamed - High fiber, bran, fruits, vegetables, no seeds, no nuts If inflamed - Decreased fiber |
| What type of foods should they a(diverticulosis pt.s ) avoid LS III GASTRO | Gas producing foods |
| What part of bowel is most commonly affected with diverticulitis LS III GASTRO | sigmoid colon |
| What type of diet should a pt. with hemorrhoids be on LS III GASTRO | low bulk, soft diet |
| What position is most comfortable for a pt. following a hemorrhoidectomy LS III GASTRO | prone or side lying |
| List 5 rsik factors for the development of intestinal cancer LS III GASTRO | ulcerative colitis, diverticulitis, high fat intake, high bacterial counts, little fiber, family history, red meat |
| What is the 1st sign of colon cancer LS III GASTRO | Change in bowel habits |
| Why are tumors in the ascending colon typically found later than tumors growing in more distal parts if colon LS III GASTRO | |
| Describe what the stools look like in a pt. with a napkin ring tumor in the distal bowel LS III GASTRO | Ribbon like |
| How can cholecystitits result in gangrene of the gall bladder LS III GASTRO | when disease is severe enough to interfere with the blood supply, the gallbladder wall may become gangreneous |
| Why does a patient with cholecystistis experience indigestion after eating a high fat meal LS III GASTRO | cannot digest fat |
| Describe the pain associated with a gall bladder attack LS III GASTRO | severe wave of pain in URQ of abdomen or epigastric area, often radiating to the back and R shoulder severe |
| Why does a person with common bile duct obstruction become jaundiced LS III GASTRO | bile backs up, bilirubin not excreted |
| Why does the above pt.s urine become dark LS III GASTRO | contain urobilinogen as kidneys try to remove excess bilirubin from the blood stream |
| Why do their stools become clay colored LS III GASTRO | caused by lack of bile in the intestinal tract |
| What pain medication should be used for a severe GB attack LS III GASTRO | Demerol |
| Why is MS contraindicated for a GB attack LS III GASTRO | May cause spasm of sphincter of oddi |
| What type of diet should the pt. with gall bladder disease be on LS III GASTRO | lowfat and low cholesterol |
| Why will the patient with an open cholecustectomy have a T tube LS III GASTRO | bile to drain until swelling goes down |
| Why should the drainage bag be kept dependent to the incision site LS III GASTRO | Prevents back up of bile |
| Why do patients frequently have shoulder pain following a Lap choleccystecomy LS III GASTRO | CO2 moves to shoulder |
| Why does the patient with jaundice C/O itching LS III GASTRO | Bile salts |
| Define cholelithiasis LS III GASTRO | formation of gall stones which are masses of solid material or calculi that form in the bile |
| Define Murphy's sign LS III GASTRO | pain on deep inspiration wen an inflammed gallbladder is palpated by pressing the fingers under the rib cage |
| Define Steatorrhea LS III GASTRO | excess fat in stool |
| Define Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy LS III GASTRO | used to break up gallstones 9using high energy sound waves) |
| DEFINE Choledochotomy LS III GASTRO | surgical incision of the common bile duct |
| Define Pruritis LS III GASTRO | itching of the skin (bile salts that enter the blood and tissues as bile backs up causes irritation and pruritis of the skin |
Created by:
gmabrender
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