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Enteric Nervous System is composted of? Myenteric and submucosal plexus.
Myenteric plexus: Interconnected neurons which extend full length of GI tract. Motility.
Submucosal plexus: Segmental control of tract. Secretions. Absorbs nutrients.
Middle GI tract: Most of digestion and absorbtion. Small intestine and DJI.
Lower GI tract: Stores/eliminates wastes. Rectum, colon (absorbtion of water and electrolytes), ceceum
Mucosal layer: produces mucous
Submucosal: Connective tissue, blood vessels, nerves. Creates digestive enzymes.
Circular and Longitudinal muscle: Peristalsis
Peritoneum: Loosely attached to outer wall of the intestine.
Saliva: Protects, lubricates. Antimicrobial protection. Starts digesting starches/carbs (salviary amalayse!)
Mucous secreting cells... Line entire surface and protect mucosal layer from getting damaged by stomach acid/gastrin.
How does the mucosal layer get ischemic/die? NSAIDS, alcohol, aspirin
What do the gastric glands make? Parietal & cheif cells
Parietal cell? Makes intrinsic factor and HCL
Chief cell? Makes pepsinogen for protein breakdown
What do the pyloric glands make? Mucous, pepsinogen, gastrin.
What does the small intestine secrete? Digestive juices that are produced in the liver
Brunner glands do what? Produce a mucous to protect the S.I. from the acid/gastrin & secretions from pancreas/liver
What do intestinal villi do? increase surface area of S.I.
What types of cells are found in the intestinal villi? enterocytes, which secrete an enzyme which digests carbs and proteins.
What else does the intestinal villi contain? Crypts of Lieberkuhn, which secrete a serous fluid that is a vehicle for absorbtion
What is GERD? Backward movement of gastric contents resulting in heartburn.
Why does GERD occur? Relaxation of esophageal sphincter.
What can trigger GERD? Chocolate, high fat meals, caffiene
What is a compliation of GERD? Barrett esophagus- narrowing of esophagus causing an increased risk for esophengeal cancer.
Where does PUD occur? Upper GI tract exposed to acid-pepsin secretions
How many layers can PUD effect? All, or just one layer of stomach or deuodenum.
How can PUD penetrate? -penetrate mucosal surface -extend to smooth muscle -penetrate outer wall of stomach or duodenum
What is the most common cause of PUD? H. pylori. NSAIDS/ASA second cause
Manifestations of PUD? Pain, discomfort when stomach empty and relief by food.
What are some complications of PUD? Hemmorage, obstruction, perforation.
What other types of ulcers are there? What is the most common? Stress, Gastric, Duodenal* (most common)
What are the two types of IBD? Chrone's disease and ulcerative colitis.
What are the risks, diagnosis, and treatment of IBD? Familial disposition, H/P and sigmoidoscopy, and reduce inflammation and control diet
What time of inflammatory response is Chron's disease? Granulomatus
What types of exaserbations are connected to Chron's disease? Diarrhea, pain, weight loss.
where on the GI tract does Chrone's disease happen? Anywhere from mouth to anus.
How does Chrone's disease progress? Slow. Women more than men in 20-30's
What are characteristic features of Chrone's disease? Skip lesions and cobblestone appearance. Bowel wall thick and can't flex. Absorbtion doesn't happen so you are malnutritioned
What type of inflammatory response is Ulcerative Colitis? Non-specific. Only affects rectum and colon.
What types of exaserbations are connected with UC? 30-40 BM's/day, diarrhea, anorexia, pain
When does UC peak? 25
Does UC have skip inflammation or is it continuous? Continuous
Can UC dispose to cancer? Yes
In UC, where do lesions form? Mucosal layer of the Crypts of Lieberkuhn
What does the inflammation from UC lead to? Mucosal hemmorages that turn into abcesses that can become nectrotic and ulcerate.
What happens to the bowel wall in UC? Thickens..pseudopolyps develop
Created by: 549590412
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