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wvc final nur 100
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the 8 stagest of Erikson's Psychosocial theory? | 1.Trust vs Mistrust 2.Autonomy vs Doubt & Shame 3.Initiative vs Guilt 4.Industry vs Inferiority 5.Ego Identity vs Diffusion 6.Intimacy vs Isolation 7.Generativity vs Self-absorption or Stagnation 8.Ego Integrity vs Despair |
| What are some distinguishing characteristics of Erik Erickson's 8 stages of development? | -Each stage is a bipoler issue: people can be at extreme ends of the developmental stage. -Each stage is characterized by a distinct conflict, or crisis, relating to the person's physiologic maturation & to what society expects of the person at that age. |
| According to Erik Erickson what must a person do in order to move from one stage to the next of his developmental levels? | They must fully resolve the conflict, or crisis relating to the developmental stage/level that they are in. |
| What are defining characteristics of Erickson's Developmental stage Trust vs Mistrust? | (Birth to 18 months) The child develops trust as a result of having basic needs consistently met. If not met, infant becomes fearful & mistrusting. Needs:Security, physiologic needs satified, comfort. |
| What are defining characteristics of Erickson's Developmental stage Autonomy vs Doubt and Shame? | (1-3 years) Develops independence in controlling bodily functions adn some self care. If discouraged, may doubt abilities. Sense of failure may lead to feelings of shame. Needs: Increased independance & Safe Boundries. |
| What are defining characteristics of Erickson's Developmental stage Initiative vs Guilt? | (3-6 years)@ this stage, the child begins to plan & trying new things. Parental restrictiveness may prevent development of initiative. Identifies c same sex parent. May feel guilt when activities conflict c parents wishes. Needs: Guidance, safty, praise |
| What are defining characteristics of Erickson's Developmental stage Industry vs Inferiority? | (6-12 years) Wins recognition & develops self esteem through achievements. Feels inferiority when adults perceive actions to be silly or troublesome. Needs: Praise for accomplishments |
| What are defining characteristics of Erickson's Developmental stage Ego Identity vs Role Diffusion? | (13-21 years) The adolescent is preoccupied c how he/she looks to others, & how that image fits c his or her own view of them self. Failure to develop sense of personal identity may lead to role confusion & feelings of inadequacy. Needs: Develop own id |
| What are defining characteristics of Erickson's Developmental stage Intimacy vs Isolation? | (21-40 years) Develops close sharing relationships. Person unsure of indentity will have difficulty developing intimacy. Needs: Intimate meaningful relationships |
| What are defining characteristics of Erickson's Developmental stage Generativity vs Self-absorption or stagnation? | (40-65 year) Urge to contribute to the next generation. Expresses concern for world. Self-absorbed adult is preoccupied c personal well-being & material gain. Preoccupation c self leads to stagnation in life. Need: Satified c achievements & contributions |
| What are defining characteristics of Erickson's Developmental stage Ego intergrity vs Despair? | (65years to death) Look back c sense of satifaction & acceptance of life & death. Unsuccssful resolution of this crisis may result in sense of despair. Needs: Identify life's meaning/Purpouse feeling satisfaction with life. |
| The nurse caring for a hospitalized adolesent can best meet his or her developmental needs by: | Explaining procedures and including the adolescent in decision making. |
| A major developmental task for the toddler (ages 1-3 years) is to; | Develop increased independence adn safe boundaries. |
| A common behavioral task or critical event for teh middle aged client is; | Maintaining a productive career. |
| According to Erikson, the task of developing intimacy occurs during; | Young adulthood (ages 21 to 40) |
| What are Maslow's hierarchy of needs? | From Bottom to top: Physiological Needs, Safety and Security, Love and Belonging, Self-esteem/Esteem of others, Self Actualization. |
| According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs what do Physiological Needs entail? | Basic fundamental needs include food, water, air, sleep, exericise, elimination, shelter, and sexual expression. |
| According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs what is ment by Safty and Security? | Needs at theis level are for avoiding harm, maintaining comfert, order, structure, physical safety, freedom from fear, and protection. |
| According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs what is ment by Love and Belonging? | Needs are for giving adn receiving of affection, companionship, satisfactory interpersonal relationships, and identification with a group. |
| According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs what is ment by Self-Esteem/Esteem-of-others? | The individual seeks self-respect and respect from others, works to achieve success and recognition in work and desires prestige from accomplishments. |
| According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs what is ment by Self Actualization? | The individual possesses a feeling of self-fulfilment adn the realization of his or her highest potential. |
| What are some physical changes in the aging adult skeletal system? | -Shortening of vertebrae -Decrease in bone mass and bone mineral -Slight Kyphosis -Thinner Disks -Between ages 20 and 70 -height decreases approximately 2 inches -Slight hip flexion. |
| What are some physical changes in the aging adult cardiovascular system? | Valves become thicker & rigid, Stroke volume v by 1%/yr, Less effcient O2 utilization, Aorta becomes dilated and elongated, Chardiac output v up to 40% between ages 25-65, ^ resistance to peripheral blood flow & v cardiac output, v elasticity of vessels. |
| What are some physical changes in the aging adult respiratory system? | Lungs appear larger d/t loss of elasticity & are more rigid, v ciliary action, Maximum breathing capacity reduced, thoracic muscles more rigid, weaker respiratory muscles, Alveaoli fewer in number adn larger in size. |
| What are some physical changes in aging adult gastrointestinal system? | v tast sensation, v saliva & salivary ptyalin(enzym), v esophageal motility, Atrophy of gastric mucosa, v liver size, v intestinal blood flow, v stomach motility & empting time, less prduction HCl, pepsin, lipase, & pancreatic enzymes, Slow peristalsis. |
| What are some physical changes in aging adult females? | Cervix becomes smaller, Drier & less elastic vaginal canal, Flattening of labia, Uterus becomes smaller in size, More alkaline vaginal environment, Loss of vulvar subcutaneaous fat and hair. |
| What are some physical changes in aging adult males? | Enlargement of teh prostate glad is common, Hypertrophy of the prostate gland can lead to urinary retention adn urinary incontinence, Testosterone production decreases. |
| What are some physical changes in the aging adult urinary system? | Decreased size of reanal mass, Loss of nephrons, decreased tubular function, Decreased bladder capacity, weaker blader muscles, between ages 20 & 90 renal blood flow decreases 53% |
| what are some physical changes in the aging adult's vision? | Acuity begains to v in mid-life, presbyopia, acteract develpment, color in iris may fade, pupil may become irregular, a v in lacrimal gland secreations, night vision impaired. ^ puffiness under eyelids, problems distingusing between green, blue, vilet. |
| What are some physical changes in the aging adult urinary system? | Decreased size of reanal mass, Loss of nephrons, decreased tubular function, Decreased bladder capacity, weaker blader muscles, between ages 20 & 90 renal blood flow decreases 53% |
| What are some physical changes in the aging adult's skin? | Loss of elastiin, changes in collagen causes skin to wrinkle adn sag, fat redistribution results in a loss of the subcutaneous cushion of adipose tissue, Increased sensitivity to extreme of temperature, slower rate of healing. |
| What are some physical changes in the aging adult's hearing? | The ear loses its sensitivity to discriminate sounds r/t damage to teh hair cells of cochlea, Perception in high frequency sounds declines dramatically. |
| What are some changes of the Immun system as people age? | Immunologic capability decreases as we age. Elderly don't always spick temp, infact they may decrease in temp. Infections are more likly to be fatal. |
| What are some psychological changes associated with aging? | Major developmental tasks of old age can be categorized as follows: Maintaiing idependence, relinquising pawer, coping with losses, initialting a life review process, developing a philosophical perspective on life. |
| Define Pharmacokinetics: | The study of the action of drugs within the body, Including the mechanisms of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excreation. |
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