Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Midterm 2 BioScience
Midterm 2 BioScience from quiz 4 and 6
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| cells with one set of chromosomes are called | haploid |
| The process of forming sex cells is called | gametogenesis |
| This process of reducing the number of chromosomes in half is called | Meiosis |
| The process of combining two haploid cells into one diploid cell is called | Fertilization |
| Fetus is different than an embryo | organs and tissues are in place, fetus is bigger than an embryo, fetus is at 8 weeks or two months of genstational age |
| Production of gametes happens in | the gonads |
| Goads in males | testes |
| Gonads in females | ovum |
| failure of chromosomes to seperate during meiosis is called | non-disjunction |
| Abnormal Meoisis may lead to | Monosomy, trisomy, abnormal embryo, spontaneous termination of pregnancy |
| Monosomy is | underproduction of a chromosome, missing |
| Trisomy is | over production of a chromosome, added |
| Down Syndrome | is a case of trisomy at chromosome 21, results from abnormal meiosis |
| Why is Down's Syndrome more prevelant in woman over 40? | It is an issue of immunity, as we age our immune system may not catch the abnormality in the pregnancy |
| The first 1-22 pairs of chromosomes are | Autosomes they are always homlogous |
| pair 23 is | Sex Chromosome it is not always homologous xx or xy |
| The Y chromosome | only codes for tesosterone |
| Diploid zygote is always female at 10 weeks | at which time the Y chromosome may present and the development will be male |
| Default development of the zygote is always xx | female |
| Zygote | Diploid, contains the set of genes from 2 different people |
| G1 phase of cell cycle | Cell differentiates and matures |
| G2 phase of the cell cycle | Cell grows more organelles |
| M phase of cell cycle | Mitosis cell divides into two daughter cells |
| S Phase | Cell synthesizes DNA and replicates its entire library |
| Interphase | cell preforms its regular functions includes G1, S and G2 phases |
| Phase after M | Gophase |
| Centrioles replicate and create opposite poles | Prophase |
| Centromeres of chromosomes replicate | Anaphase |
| Spindle fibers form | Prophase |
| Chromosomes align on the equatorial plane | Metaphase |
| Nucleous dissapears | Prophase |
| Nuclear membrane re-appears | Telophase |
| Spindle fibers disappear | Telophase |
| Cells with one set of chromosomes are called | haploid |
| cells with two sets of chromosomes are called | diploid |
| 2 step process of gametogenesis or production of sex cells | diploid cell divides in meiosis into a haploid cell. Differentiation and maturation turn the haploid cell into a mature ovum or sperm (gametes) |
| process of segregation | random separation of the chromosomes from each parent |
| Normal Meioses I | pairs find each other and align on the equatorial plane, how they align is by chance Metaphase I |
| Abnormal Meiosis | when a pair of chromosomes fail to segregate during meiosis I, called non-disjunction |
| X-linked genes | this is chromosome #23. females have two xx males have one x |
| x-linked genetic disorders | females can still be healthy with one mutant x, they may be a carrier for disease but may not express |
| x-linked mutation in males | will always express the mutation as x is autosomal and Y is the determination of the gender ONLY |
| when fasting the body prefers to use | glycogen |
| it is common to loose how much during the first week of fasting | 10 pounds 2 pounds glycogen 8 pounds water |
| the tissues that must have glucose for fuel even during fasting | brain tissue |
| how does the body produce glucose for the brain during fasting | from the breakdown of muscle tissue |
| ketosis indicates | ketones in blood and urine lack of glycogen, breakdown of muscle and fat |
| hormone produced by the fat cells | leptin |
| what is the function of leptin | helps regulate weight and increase metabolic rate |
| why does metabolic rate decrese during fasting | because the body s loosing muscle mass |
| which organs are stressed on an atkins type diet | the liver and kidneys |
| atkins is safe for how long | 3 months |
| healthy weight loss | 1/2 pounds a week |
| when eating high fat food, the brain produces | dopamine |
| when eating high carb foods the brain produces | seratonin |
| stress, sleep deprivation and caffiene increases this hormone | cortisol |
| high levels of this hormone causes weight gain and diabetes | insulin |
| BMR is affected by | age gender heigh weight |
| bmr is not affected by | activity level |
| BMR is measured | fasting, motionless and awake |
| balanced diet | 50% carbs, 20% protein 30% fat |
| TDEE | Total daily energy expenditure |
| TDEE | BMR x activity factor x injury factor |
| set point theory | your body wants to stay at its current weight |
| what causes a surge in leptin production | surplus of carbs |
| what is the effect of a low fat high carb diet | absorption and digestion is very quick |
| insulin resistance | type II diabetes |
| why we gain weight | evolution and positive response |
| what is the effect of stress | shorter life span, storage of fat and change in brain cells |
| oxytocin | hormone produced by brain promoted by stress free activities |
| what is the number one issue that affects healthy eating | setting unrealistic goals |
| 1 calorie | unit of energy it takes to heat 1 kg of water by 1 degree celcius |
| calorie meter | measures the heat produced by the body while at rest |
| metabolic cart | medical tool that is used to measure cardiovascular and respiratory function |
| pounds to kg | 1 pound = 2.2 kg |
| what happens when you have excess glucose and the cells already have enough ATP | convert excess into glycogen first then FAT |
| dietary protein | provides amino acids for the production of new protein and provides energy for ATP |
| asexual reproduction | daughter cell generates identical mother cell, involves mitosis |
| sexual reproduction | in complex species, combines genes from two organisms, creates a genetically unique organism |
| which is the best way to measure someones BMR | by calculations |
| ideal body weight | is the healthiest weight based on height and gender |
| nutritional breakdown for alcohol | 7 |
| nutritional breakdown for carbs/sugar | 4 |
| nutritional breakdown for protein | 4 |
| nutritional breakdown for fat | 9 |
| two stages of gameotogenesis | 1. diploid to haploid 2. differntiation and maturation |
| Autosomal are 1-22 | sex chromosomes are xx or xy non homologous |
| x chromosome #23 contains other important genes | regardless of gender |
Created by:
beesgrl
Popular Nursing sets