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Nutrition Ch 25
Diabetes and Hypoglycemia
Question | Answer |
---|---|
PKU (or Phenylketonuria) | Genetic inability to breakdown the amino acid, phenylalanine |
Symptoms of PKU | Skin rash, irritiability, sleeplessness, screaming and then irreversible brain damage |
What is the diet recommendation for PKU? | Low phenylalanine formula for baby and restricted phenylalanine diet after |
Galactosemia | Genetic inability to convert galactose into glucose |
Symptoms of Galactosemia | Vomiting, diarrhea, liver enlargement, nervous system damage, coma and death |
What is the diet recommendation for Galactosemia? | Restricted dairy/milk products |
Type 1 of Diabetes Mellitus: IDDM | Do not produce insulin, usually occur in children, symptoms are usually severe |
Type 2 of Diabetes Mellitus: NIDDM | Body cells are resistant to insulin, usually occur in older, overweight ppl, effects are mild to moderate |
Complications of diabetes | Hyperglycemia, glycosuria, dehydration, polyuria, polydipsia, ketosis, UTI, tingling, cardiovascular disease, retinal damage, numbness & gastroparesis |
Treatment for diabetes | Usually controlled carbs diet |
HbA1c | Hemoglobin w/ glucose attached to an amino acid, don't carry oxygen well, stays in blood for about 4 months; AKA GHb |
What does level of HbA1c indicates? | 7-16%: poorly controlled diabetes; less than 7%: normal |
Hyperglycemia | High blood glucose |
What the symptoms of Hyperglycemia? | Thrist, hunger, increases urination, blurry vision, fatigue, acetone breath and labored breathing |
Hypoglycemia | Low blood glucose |
What the symptoms of Hypoglycemia? | Hunger, headache, swelling, shakiness or nervousness, confusion and disorientation |