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Respiratory function
fundementals of nursing Harkreader
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Bronchospasm | Spasm of the smooth muscle of the bronchi and/or the bronchioles that results in decreased airway diameter |
| chest percussion | Use of cupped hands to rhythmically clap on the chest wall over various segments of the lungs to mobilize secretions |
| chest physiotherapy | An approach to mobilizing and draining secretions from gravity-dependent areas of the lung that uses a combination of postural drainage, chest percussion, and vibration |
| cough | A sudden audible, forceful expulsion of air from the lungs, usually an involuntary, reflexive action in response to an irritant |
| cyonosis | A state of blue color to the skin that results from the concentration of deoxygenated hemoglobin close to the surface of the skin |
| diaphragmantic breathing | Breathing in which the majority of ventilatory work is accomplished by the diaphragm and abdominal muscles; deliberate use of the diaphragm and abdominal muscles to control breathing |
| dyspnea | The subjective sensation of difficulty in breathing |
| endotracheal tube | A catheter passed through the nose or mouth into the trachea for the purpose of establishing an airway |
| hemoptysis | Coughing and spitting up blood as a result of bleeding from any part of the lower respiratory tract |
| hypercapnia | High carbon dioxide level in the blood, usually resulting from failure of the lungs to remove this gas |
| hyperventilation | Increase in the rate and depth of breathing, clinically defined as a partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) less than 35 mm Hg; also known as hyperpnea |
| hypoventilation | Decrease in the rate and depth of breathing, clinically defined as PaCO2 greater than 45 mm Hg |
| hypoxemia | Deficient oxygenation of the blood |
| hypoxia | Deficient oxygenation of body tissues |
| incentive spirometer | A device that provides a visual goal for and measurement of inspiration, thus encouraging the client to execute and sustain maximal inspiration |
| postural drainage | A technique in which the client assumes one or more positions that will facilitate the drainage of secretions from the bronchial airways |
| pulse oximetry | Measuring oxygen saturation of functional hemoglobin in the blood |
| pursed-lip breathing | A technique of mouth breathing that creates slight resistance to exhalation by contracting the lips to reduce the size of the opening, thus maintaining an even reduction of intrathoracic pressure during exhalation |
| respiration | The exchange of O2 and CO2 between the atmosphere and the cells of the body; also, a series of metabolic activities by which living cells break down carbohydrates, amino acids, and fats to produce energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) |
| sputum | Mucus secreted from the lungs, bronchi, and trachea; may include epithelial cells, bacteria, and debris |
| ventilation | The process of exchanging air between the ambient air and the lungs; pulmonary ventilation (the total exchange of air) and alveolar ventilation (the effective entilation of the alveoli) |
| vibration | A technique of chest physiotherapy whereby the chest wall is set in motion by oscillating movements of the hands or a vibrator for the purpose of mobilizing secretions |
| diaphragm | The primary muscle of respiration |
| elastic recoil | tendency of the lungs to return to a nonstreached state |
| surfactant | lipoprtein secreted by the alvolar epithelium and acts as a detergent to reduce the surface tension and hold alveoli open |
| sighing | stimulates the production of surfactant |
| dead space | any surface of the airway that contains air but does not participate in gas exchange |
| glottis | the opening at the top of the larynx between the resting vocal cords |
| CBC | diagnostic test that provides information about the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood |
| forced vital capacity | volume of air forcefully exhaled after a maximum inhalation |
| 90% | critical value for oxygenation to support life |
| Obtundation | describes the client rendered insensitive to painful stimuli by reducing the level of consciousness with a narcotic or anesthetic. client has rapid shallow breathing |
| thick tenacious | sputum that is difficult to cough out and may be associated with dehydration |
| altered breathing pattern | nursing diagnosis of a client with pain from a high abdominal surgical incision is at risk for |
| deoxygenated hemoglobin | in the blood cyanosis represents the presence of increased amounts of |
| Naloxone (Narcan) | a medication used to reverse the action of narcotics, stimulating respiration |
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