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Nurs1715 IV therapy
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| IV solutions contain _____ and ______ mixed in various proportions with water. | dextrose or electrolytes |
| Who's responsibility is it to verify an order for IV therapy? | Nurse |
| What gauge of needle is used for most IV fluids? | 20-22 gauge |
| What gauge of needle is used for blood administration, trauma patients, and surgery patients? | 14-18 gauge |
| When will the IV pump beep? | When there is an obstruction, an air bubble, or solution is low |
| where part of the catheter is dislodged and remain in blood vessel | catheter embolism |
| What would you do if a catheter embolism occurs? | nurse can attempt to occlude the vein above the site by applying tourniquet to prevent catheter from entering circulation (until surgical removal is possible). |
| comprises all fluid within the body cells (40% of adult body weight) | intracellular |
| comprises all fluid outside of a cell (20% of adult body weight) | extracellular |
| What are the three extracellular fluids? | interstitial fluid, intravascular fluid, transcellular fluid |
| fluid between the cells and outside the blood vessels | interstitial fluid |
| blood plasma (serum--without clotting factor) | intravascular fluid |
| consist of cerebrospinal (brain and spine) fluid, pleural (lungs), peritoneal (abdomen), and synovial (joints) fluid | transcellular fluid |
| an element or compound that, when melted or dissolved in water or another solvent, seperates into ions and is able to carry an electrical current. | electrolyte |
| What is the level of Sodium (Na)? | 135-145 mEq/L |
| What is the level of Potassium (K)? | 3.5-5.0 mEq/L |
| What is the level of Calcium (Ca)? | 4.5-5.5 mEq/L |
| What is the level of Chloride (Cl)? | 90-110 mEq/L |
| What is the level of Magnesium (Mg)? | 1.5-2.5 mEq/L |
| What in the body is stimulated to increase thirst and regulate body fluids? | Hypothalamas |
| the pumping of a substance across a cellular membrane from a point of lower concentration to one of higher concentration; requires energy and carrier. | active transport |
| the movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. occurs with oxygen and carbon dioxide | diffusion |
| water and diffusible substances move from higher concnetration to lower concentration | filtration |
| hydrostatic pressure uses what | filtration |
| The process by which fluid moves across a semi-permeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration; the process continues until the solute concentrations are equal on both sides of the membrane. | osmosis |
| the osmotic pressure of a solution is called its ______?? | osmolarity |
| What is the normal serum osmolality? | 280-300 |
| what does it mean when there is decreased serum osmolality? | too much fluid (overhydration) |
| What does it mean when there is increase serum osmolality? | not enough fluid (too much solute, dehydration) |
| 0.9% NS, D5W (5% dextrose in water), and LR (lactated Ringer) | Isotonic Solutions |
| Solution remains in ECF because its made almost completely of electrolytes | normal saline |
| solution often used to correct ECF deficit; used with administration of blood infusions and to replace large sodium losses (as in burn injuries) | normal saline |
| solution that only contains sodium and chloride | normal saline |
| which solution is not used for heart failure, pulmonary edema, renal impairment, or sodium retention? | normal saline |
| disperses as hypotonic solution although it is a isotonic solution | D5W |
| why shouldn't D5W be used during fluid resuscitation? | it can cause hyperglycemia |
| this solution is mainly used to supply water and to correct increased serum osmolality | D5W |
| this solution contains potassium and calcium in addition to sodium chloride,and also contains bicarbonate precursors | LR |
| solution used to correct dehydration and sodium depletion and replace GI losses | LR |
| When a patient's osmolarity is between 240-340 mOsm what solution would you use? | Isotonic Solution |
| losing fluid from intravascular space | hypovolemia |
| which solutions can be used for hypotension resulting from hypovolemia to increase blood pressure? | Isotonic Solutions |
| What is a major danger with isotonic solutions? | circulatory (fluid) overload-may put strain on the heart |
| 1/2 NS (0.45% normal saline) is what type of solution? | hypotonic solution |
| Which solution exerts less osmotic pressure than ECF? | hypotonic solution |
| Which solution is used to treat hypernatremia by replacing cellular fluid? | hypotonic solution |
| What should you be cautious with for hypotonic solutions? | depletion of circulatory system (intravascular fluid depletion). |
| Which solution exerts osmotic pressure greater than ECF? | hypertonic solutions |
| What are systemic complications of IV therapy? | fluid overload, air embolus, septicemia |
| What are local complications of IV therapy? | infiltration and extravasation, phelbitis, thrombophlebitis |
| moist crackles, edema, weight gain, dyspnea, and shallow, tachypneic respirations | fluid overload |
| What position would you place a patient that was experiencing fluid overload? | high fowler's position |
| What are signs and symptoms of an air embolus? | hypotension and weak, rapid pulse |
| what position would you place a patient that is experiencing an air embolus? | trendelenburg's position (head down, feet up) |
| abrupt temp elevation shortly after the infusion is started, backache, headache, chills and shaking, and general malaise | septicemia |
| unintentional administration of a nonvesicant solution or medication into surrounding tissue as a result of disolodgment of a cannula. | infiltration |
| similar to infiltration except an inadvertent administration of vesicant or irritant solution into the surrounding tissue. | extravasation |
| What are the main nursing interventions for someone experiencing extravasation? | stop infusion and call doctor and may attach a syringe and pull out solution then apply antidote |
| inflammation of a vein related to a chemical or mechanical irritation or both. | phlebitis |
| reddened, warm around insertion site or along the path of the vein | phlebitis |
| presense of a clot (thrombus) plus inflammation in the vein (phlebitis) | thrombophlebitis |
| sluggish flow rate, fever, malaise, and leukocytosis(increased WBC) | thrombophlebitis |
| What is the major difference between phlebitis and thrombophlebitis? | thrombophlebitis is more painful |
| blood leaks into the surrounding tissue | hematoma |
| What intervention would you use for someone who is experiencing thrombophlebitis? | apply cold compress first, then warm compress after |
| What should be be cautions not to do when a patient is experiencing thrombophlebitis to prevent further complications? | do not flush the line because you can dislodge a clot. |
| How often do you flush an IV? | every 6 hours |
| How man mL of saline should you flush an IV with? | 5-10mL |
| When does CDC recommend tubing change to prevent infection? | every 48-72 hours |
| What is the general infusion rate to keep a vein open and to prevent clotting | 20 mL/h |
| flushing, hypotension, drowsiness, depressed aspirations | hypermagnesemia |
| insomnia, mood changes, increased blood pressure | hypomagnesemia |
| thirst, increased body temp, sticky mucus membranes, hallucinations, seizures | hypernatremia |
| anorexia, nausea and vomitting, headache, lethargy, confusion, muscle cramps | hyponatremia |
| tachycardia, bradycardia, flaccid paralysis, cramps, irritability, anxiety | hyperkalemia |
| fatigue, anorexia, nausea and vomiting, muscle weakness, decreased bowel motility, EKG disturbances, leg cramps | hypokalemia |
Created by:
SouthernBelle
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