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Foundations
Medication and Vital signs
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the primary source of heat in the human body? | Metabolism |
| What is the primary mechanism of site of heat loss? | Skin Surface |
| What would be the cardiac output of an adult with a stroke volume of 75 mL and a pulse of 78 beats/minute? | 5,850 mL |
| What conditions occur when an adult has a pulse rate of 100 to 180 beats/minute? | Tachycardia |
| What is a correct statement about respiratory rate? | Healthy adults breathe about 12-20 time per minute. |
| What is a correct statistic about blood pressure? | Blood pressure tends to be lower in a prone or supine position thatn in a seated or standing position. |
| The average normal temperature in Fahrenheit for well adults in the rectal site is... | 99.5 |
| What condition tends to lower blood pressure? | Low blood volume |
| After taking vital signs you write down your findings as T=98.6, P=66, R=18, BP=124/82. Which of these numbers represents the systolic blood pressure? | 124 |
| What are normal variations in vital signs that occur at various ages? | The normal blood pressure for a newborn is 73/55 Normal respirations for a 6 to 8yr old are 15-25 Normal oral temperature for an adult is 37 degrees celcius |
| Pulse | Light tap caused by expansion of the aorta sending a wave through the walls of the aterial system |
| Pulse Rate | Number of pulsations felt in a minute |
| Tachycardia | A rapid heart rate |
| Palpitation | Person is aware of own hearbeat without having to feel for it |
| Bradycardia | Heart rate below 60 beats/minute in an aduly |
| Pulse rhythm | The pattern of pulsations and pauses between them |
| Pulse amplitude | Quality of the pulse in terms of fullness; reflects strenth of left ventricular contraction |
| Arrhythmia | Irregular pattern of heartbeats |
| Stroke volume | Quality of bood forced out of the left ventricle with each contraction |
| Cardiac Output | The amount of blood pumped per minute |
| Pulse deficit | The difference between the apical and radial pulse rates |
| Inspiration | The act of breathing in |
| Expiration | The act of breathing out |
| Aonea | iods during whch there is no breathing |
| Dyspnea | Difficult or labored breathing |
| Orthopnea | Being able to breathe more easily in an upright position |
| Internal Respiration | The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the circulating blood and tissue cells |
| External Respiration | The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli of the lungs and the circulation blood |
| Eupnea | Normal respirations with equal rate and depth |
| Tachypnea | A fast respiratory rate |
| Pulmonary ventilation | Movement of air in and out of the lungs |
| Bradypnea | Slow breathing |
| Hypothemia | Body temperature below limit of noraml |
| Ineffective thermoregulation | State in which temperature fluctuates between above-normal and below-normal ranges |
| Hyperthermia | Body temperature elevate above normal range |
| Pyrexia | Body temperature above normal |
| Afebrile | Person with normal body temperature |
| Hpperpyrexia | High fever, usually above 105.8 |
| What do you call the name assigned to a drug by the manufacturer that first developed it? | Generic Name |
| Msot drugs are excreted through which of the following organs? | Kidneys |
| What is the act designated to the Unites States Pharmocopeia and the National Formulary as official standards of drugs and empowered the federal government to enforce these standards? | Pure Food and Drug Act |
| What an accurate statement about patient medications? | Upon admittance to a hospital, all drugs that the physcian may have ordered whlie the patient was at home are continued |
| What types of medications orders would a physician perscribe for "as needed" pain medication? | PRN order |
| A nurse suspects a drug he/she administered to a patient is in error. Who is legally responsible for the error? | Nurse |
| What measurement system uses a grain as the basic unit of weight? | Apothecary |
| If a nurse is preparing medication for a patient and is called away to an emergency, what should he/she do? | Lock the medications in a roon and finish them when he/she returns. |
| Before administering a drug to a patient, the nurse should identify the patient by doing... | Check the patients ID bracelet |
| Which means of drug administration would be used in an emergency to achieve rapid absorption and quicker results? | Injection |
| What site is recommended for adults and children over 7 month of age as a safe site for the majority of intramuscular injections? | Ventrogluteal Site |
| Mrs. Harris is a 78-year-old woman admitted to your unit after experiencing symptoms of stroke. When administering the medication prescribed for her, the nurse should be aware that this patient has an increaed possibility of drug toxicity due to what? | Decline in liver function and production of enzymes needed for drug metabolism |
| Mr. Downs is given a dose of gentamicin and has an immediate reaction of hypotension, bronchospasms, and rapid thready pulse. What be the drugs of choice for this situation? | Epinephrine, antihistamines, and bronchodilators |
| An oral medication has been ordered for Mr. Moran, who has a nasogastric tube in place. What action would increase the safety of medication administration? | Check the tube placement before administration. |
| When giving an intramuscular injection using the Z-track technique, the nurse should use what technique? | Do not massage the site because it may cause irritation. |
| Tablet | Small, solid dose of medications; compressed or molded; may be any size, shape or enteric coated |
| Capsule | Powder or gel form of an active drug enclosed in a gelatinous container |
| Liniment | Medications mixed with alcohol, oil, or soap, which is rubbed on the skin |
| Suspension | Finely divided, undissoled particles in a liquid medium; should be shaken before use |
| Elixir | Medication in a clear liquid containing water, alcohol, sweeteners, and flavoring |
| Suppository | An easily melted medication preparation in a firm base, such as gelatin, that is inserted into the body |
| Lotion | Drug particles in a solution for topical use |
| Pill | Mixture of a powdered drug with a cohesive material; may be round or oval |
| Solution | A drug dissolved in another substance |
| Powder | Single drug or mixture of finely gound drugs |
| Syrup | Medication combined with water and sugar solution |
| Enteric Coated | Tablet or pill that prevents stomach irritation |
| Intradermal injection | Corium |
| Intraosseous Injection | Bone |
| Intramuscular Injection | Muscle Tissue |
| Intra-arterial Injection | Artery |
| Intracardial Injection | Heart tissue |
| Intravenous Injection | Vein |
| Intraperitoneal Injection | Peritoneal cavity |
| Subcutaneous Injection | Subcutaneous tissue |
| allergic effect | is an immune system response that occurs when the body interprets the drug administered as a foreign substance and formss antibodies agains the drug |
| adverse effects | undesirable effects other than the intended therapeutic effect |
| therapeutic range | the concentration of drug in the blood serum that produces the desired effect without causing toxicity |
| peak level | highest plasma concentration, must be measured when the absorption is complete |
| trough level | the point when the drug is at its lowest concentration, and this specimen in drawn in the 30 minute interval before the next dose |
| half-life | is the amount of time it takes for 50% of the blood concentration of a drug to be eliminated from the body |
| Distribution | depends on blood flow to the tissues, the drug's ability to leave the bloodstream and the drug's ability to enter the cells |
| metabolism | or bio-transformation, is the change of a drug from its original a new form. Liver is the primary source for this |
| Exertion | the process of removing a drug or its metabolites from the body. Kidneys do the majority of this. |
| Drug tolerance | occurs when the body becomes accustomed to the effects of a particular drug over a period of time |
| Toxic effects | are specific groups of symptoms related to drug therapy that carry risk for permanent damage or death |
| cumulative effect | occurs when the body cannot metabolize one dose of a drug before another dose is administered |
| Idiosyncratic effect | is any unusual or peculiar response to a drug that may manifest itself by over response, under response, or even the opposite of the expected response |
| antagonist | produces an effect either less than that of each drug alone |
| Synergistic effect | produces an effect greater than that of each drug alone |
| teratongenic | |
| placebo | is a pharmacologically inactive substance |
| Z-track technique | ensures that medication does not leak back along the needle track and into the subcutaneous tissue. reduces pain and discomfort |
Created by:
hgiganti
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