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Pharm
Test 2 - ANS
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The major Neurotransmitter for the sympathetic nervous system is | NE |
| The major Neurotransmitter for the parasympathetic nervous system is | ACH |
| Also known as the adrenergic system or the “fight or flight” system | Sympathetic Nervous System |
| Its actions dominate when the body is confronted with physical or emotional | Sympathetic Nervous System |
| It stimulates body processes that promote self-preservation. | Sympathetic Nervous System |
| Its MAJOR neurotransmitter is norepinephrine (NE | Sympathetic Nervous System |
| Sympathetic Nervous System—What happens to BP and cardiac output? | Increased B/P and cardiac output |
| Sympathetic Nervous System- What happens to blood flow to major organs? | Increases |
| Sympathetic Nervous System – What happens to rate or respirations and respiratory system? | Broncodilation, increase in the rate and depth of respirations |
| Sympathetic Nervous System – What happens to pupil? | They dilate |
| Sympathetic Nervous System – What happens to Glycogen? | It is converted to glucose for energy |
| Sympathetic Nervous System – What happens to the blood that was at GI tract? | It gets shunted away |
| Sympathetic Nervous System – What happens to mental activity? | It is increased |
| What are the two types of receptors in the SNS? | Alpha and Beta |
| Found primarily in smooth muscle tissue of peripheral blood vessels, in sphincters of GI and GU tracts | Alpha-1 Receptors |
| Stimulation of Alpha – 1 receptors causes ______ of muscles that are stimulated | Contraction |
| Are believed to be located on the presynaptic neurons | Alpha2 Receptor |
| Stimulation in the CNS causes ____ in neurotransmitter released from presynaptic neuron. Results in__________ effect | Decrease, antiadrenergic effect |
| Found in the muscles of the heart and in fatty tissue | Beta 1 Receptor |
| What does stimulation of fatty tissue cause? | Breakdown of stored fat into fatty acids |
| Found primarily in bronchial smooth muscle and in walls of blood vessels located in skeletal muscle, the brain and the heart | Beta 2 Receptor |
| Is also known as the cholinergic nervous system | Parasympathetic Nervous System |
| It actions are directed at conserving energy. Think “rest and digest” | Parasympathetic Nervous System |
| What are the two types of ACH receptors? | Muscarinic, Nicotinic |
| Lie in the postganglionic portion of the parasympathetic nervous system | Muscarinic receptors --Stimulated by muscarine |
| Located at the ganglia of the sympathetic and parasympathetic system as well as at the neuromuscular junctions of the motor neurons | Nicotinic receptors-- Stimulated by nicotine |
| Parasympathetic Nervous System – What happens to blood vessels in the skin? | They dilate |
| Parasympathetic Nervous System – What happens to heart rate and blood pressure | They decrease |
| Parasympathetic Nervous System – What happens to the secretion of digestive enzymes? | They increase |
| Parasympathetic Nervous System – What happens to secretions from the salivary glands? | They increase |
| Parasympathetic Nervous System –What happens to the smooth muscle of the bronchi? | They constrict |
| Parasympathetic Nervous System – What happens to the smooth muscle of the GI tract and urinary bladder? | They contract |
| Parasympathetic Nervous System – What happens to the pupils? | Constriction for near vision |
| Parasympathetic Nervous System – What happens to skeletal muscle? | Contraction |
| ANS receptors are ______throughout the bod | Widespread |
| What part(s) of the body do drugs acting on the ANS affect? | Entire body |
| What are the four main classes of drugs that affect the ANS? | Adrenergic Drugs, Anti-adrenergic Drugs, Cholinergic Drugs, Anti-cholinergic Drugs |
| Also known as sympathomimetic drugs | Adrenergic Drugs |
| What type of receptors do adrenergic drugs combine with? | Alpha or beta adrenergic receptors |
| These drugs stimulate or mimic the actions of the sympathetic nervous system | Adrenergic |
| What types of effects do we see with Adrenergic drugs? | |
| What type of drug would be used to treat bradycardia, heartblocks and decreased cardiac output? | Adrenergic |
| What type of drug would be used for bronchodilation in acute and chronic asthma? | Adrenergic |
| Treats drug induced allergic reactions? | Epinephrine |
| Drug used to nasal congestion | Adrenergic |
| What are the the seven adverse reactions/side effects of adrenergic drugs?? | Dysrhythmias, tachycardia, angina, Headache, hypertension, stroke, Increased blood glucose levels |
| What five areas should you not use adrenergic drugs for? | Acute MI, pregnancy, caution – diabetes, cardiac problems, atherosclerosis |
| Also known as adrenergic blocking drugs or sympatholytics | Anti-adrenergic Drugs |
| What are the three ways that anti-adrenergic drugs work? | Blocking alpha or beta-adrenergic receptors, , by depleting the stores of norepinephrine in the neural vesicles, by inhibiting sympathetic activity through direct action on the CNS |
| What eight conditions are anti-adrenergic drugs used to treat? | Hypertension, angina, dysrhythmias, peripheral vascular disorders, heart failure, migraines, glaucoma, BPH |
| What are the five adverse reactions/side effects of taking an anti-adrenergic drug? | Bradycardia, Bronchospasm, Hypotension, Nausea and vomiting Patients must |
| What are the contraindications for anti-adrenergic drugs? | Asthma, Heart Block, Hypotension |
| Also known as parasympathomimetic | Cholinergic Drugs |
| Produce actions which stimulate or mimic the actions of the parasympathetic nervous | Cholinergic Drugs |
| What are the two ways that cholinergic drugs work? | Stimulating cholinergic receptors - direct acting, Inhibiting acetylcholinesterase (enzyme) - indirect acting |
| What is the impact of cholinergic drugs on heart rate, blood vessel size and blood pressure? | Decreased HR, vasodilation, variable effect on BP |
| What is the impact of cholinergic drugs on tone and contractility in GI smooth muscle | Increased |
| What is the impact of cholinergic drugs on sphincters? | Relaxation |
| What is the impact of cholinergic drugs on salivary gland and GI secretions? | Increased |
| What is the impact of cholinergic drugs on tone and contractility of bladder? | Increased |
| What is the impact of cholinergic drugs on tone and contractility of bronchial smooth muscle | Increased |
| What is the impact of cholinergic drugs on respiratory secretions? | Increased |
| What is the impact of cholinergic drugs on pupils? | Constrict |
| What six conditions are cholinergic drugs used to treat? | Glaucoma, atonic bladder, urine retention, GI atony, myasthenia gravis, Alzheimer’s Disease (block cholinesterase) |
| What are the eight side effects/adverse effects of cholinergic drugs? | Hypotension, headache, abdominal cramps, N/V, blurred vision, decreased heart rate, shortness of breath, diarrhea |
| What four conditions are cholinergic drugs contraindicated for? | Urinary or GI obstruction, Asthma, Coronary Artery Disease (CAD), Hyperthyroidism |
| Also known as parasympatholytic drugs | Anti-cholinergic Drugs |
| An antispasmodic is an example if a | Anti-cholinergic Drug |
| In what two ways to anti-cholinergic drugs act? | Block ACH receptors, inhibit breakdown of ACH (causing the ACH released by neuron to be degraded) |
| Anti-Cholinergic drugs cause the CNS to be | Stimulated followed by depression |
| Anti-Cholinergic drugs cause a ___ CV response to vagal stimulation | decreased |
| Anti-Cholinergic drugs cause what two things in the respiratory system? | Bronchodilation, decreased secretions |
| Anti-Cholinergic drugs cause what in the GI tract? | Antispasmodic |
| Anti-Cholinergic drugs cause what in pupils? | Dilation |
| Anti-Cholinergic drugs cause what in the muscle of the bladder and bile ducts? | Relaxation |
| Anti-Cholinergic drugs cause what in the salivary and sweat glands? | Decreased secretions |
| What types twelve conditions are anti-cholinergic drugs used to treat? | Peptic ulcers, gastritis, irritable bowel, Bronchoconstriction, Excessive oral, gastric and respiratory secretions, reverse heart block, increase heart rate, overactive bladder, urinary frequency, Parkinson’s Disease |
| What are the adverse reactions/side effect of anti-cholinergic drugs – CNS (3)? | Confusion, agitation, drowsiness |
| What are the adverse reactions/side effect of anti-cholinergic drugs –Ocular (2)? | Mydriasis (pupil dilatation), blurred vision |
| What are the adverse reactions/side effect of anti-cholinergic drugs – Oral (1)? | Dry mouth |
| What are the adverse reactions/side effect of anti-cholinergic drugs – Pulmonary (1)? | Drying of bronchial secretions |
| What are the adverse reactions/side effect of anti-cholinergic drugs – CV (3)? | Tachycardia, palpitations |
| What are the adverse reactions/side effect of anti-cholinergic drugs – GI/GU (3)? | constipation, N/V, urinary retention |
| What are the adverse reactions/side effect of anti-cholinergic drugs – Skin (1)? | Decreased sweating |
| Anti-cholinergic drugs are contraindicated for (6)? | Angle closure glaucoma (narrow angle glaucoma), Uncontrolled tachycardia, Urinary or GI tract obstruction, COPD, Myasthenia gravis, Ulcerative colitis |
| What terms are used to classify sympathetic stimulants and depressants? | |
| What terms are used to classify parasympathetic stimulants and depressants? | |
| What are their actions on the body? | |
| A substance released into a synapse in order to carry an impulse from one nerve to another is known as: | Neurotransmitter |
| Another name for the sympathetic portion of the autonomic nervous system is: ( ___ or _____) | Flight or Flight |
| Alpha-1 adrenergic receptors are found primarily in: | Peripheral Blood Vessels |
| Cardiac function can be altered by stimulating which receptor? | Beta 1 |
| Drugs that imitate the sympathetic nervous system are sometimes referred to as | Adrenergic Drugs |
| Drugs that stimulate the sympathetic nervous system cause what in blood pressure | Increased |
| Drugs that imitate the parasympathetic nervous system have what effect on GI motility? | Increased |
| What receptor? increases GI relaxation | Beta 2 |
| What receptor? increases force of heart contractions | Beta 1 |
| What receptor? constricts blood vessels | Alpha 1 |
| What receptor? decreases insulin release from pancreas | Beta 1 |
| What receptor? dilates bronchioles | Beta 2 |
| What receptor? increases heart rate | Beta 1 |
| What receptor? promotes uterine relaxation | Beta 2 |
| What receptor? Dilates pupils | Alpa 1 |
Created by:
anastasia158
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