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Nursing Skills
Test 2 LP16
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the largest organ in the body? | The skin |
| What are the are the five functions of the skin? | External protection, regulates temp, eliminates waste, sensory organ |
| What vitamin does skin produce and absorb? | Vitamin D |
| What two types of glands are in the skin | Sebaceous and sweat |
| Itching is also known as | Pruritus |
| Where can cyanosis be detected? | Skin, lips, nailbeds |
| What condition is cyanosis related to? | Hypoxia |
| What types of system difficulties would someone have who has cyanosis? (2) | Respiratory, Circulation |
| White, pale skin is referred to as | Pallor |
| Where is pallor detected? | Skin, lips, nailbeds |
| What causes pallor? (3) | Anemia, impaired circulation, decrease blood flow |
| An increased redness in the skin is known as | Erythematic |
| What are three things that can cause Erythematic? | Blood flow, irritation, infection |
| Means inflammation of a vein | Phlebitis |
| A condition in which a blood clot (thrombus) forms in one or more of the deep veins in your body, usually in your legs. | Deep vein thrombosis |
| Yellow orange skin color | Jaundice |
| Where do you inspect for jaundice? (3) | Scelera, sole, palms |
| What causes Jaundice? | Bilirubin deposits (bilary or hepatic disease) |
| Bluish – purple areas on skin | Ecchymosis |
| Ecchymosis is also known as | Bruising (bleeding into the skin) |
| Multiple pin-point red or purple spots | Petechiae |
| What causes Petechiae? | Minute hemorrhage in skin layers |
| A Tourniquet on too long or too tight can cause | Petechiae |
| Petechiae may be indicative of what three things? | blood clotting disorder (ITP), drug reaction or liver disease |
| If lesions or wounds are present, what should be noted? (8) | Location, distribution, grouping, shape, color, motility, contour, consistency, tenderness, size |
| If drainage exists, what four things should be noted? | Color, Odor, Amount, Consistency |
| What is the difference between pitting and non pitting edema? | Pitting edema will have a shallow depression left in skin when palpated. |
| How is pitting edema rated? | 1+ to 4+ based on mm of indentation left in skin |
| Flat, nonpalpable/Red, purple, white or tan (different color than other skin on body)/usually < or = to 1 cm | Macule |
| What are three examples of macules? | freckles, petechiae, vitiligo |
| Elevated, palpable, firm, circumscribed/Brown, red, pink, tan, bluish-red/≤ 0.5 cm in diameter | Papule |
| What is an example of a papule? | Mole |
| Elevated, firm circumscribed, palpable, deeper in dermis than papule/0.5 -2 cm in diameter | Nodule |
| What are two examples of nodules? | Wart, lipoma |
| Solid mass that may extend deep through subcutaneous tissue/Larger than 2 cm | Tumor |
| Elevated, irregular-shaped areas of localized cutaneous edema/Solid, transient, changing / variable diameter/Pale pink with lighter center | Wheal |
| What are two examples of wheals? | Insect bites, hives (urticaria) |
| Elevated, circumscribed, superficial /Filled with serous fluid/≤ 0.5 cm in diameter | Vesicle |
| What is are two examples of vesicles? | Herpes Simplex, Varicella (chicken pox) |
| Elevated, superficial, varies in size, similar to vesicle but filled with purulent fluid | Pustule |
| What are two examples of pustules? | Impetigo, acne |
| Greater than 0.5 cm/Filled with serous fluid | Bulla |
| What is an example of a Bulla? | Second Degree Burn |
| The waxy or cheese-like white substance found coating the skin of human babies. | Vernix caseosa |
| Milia are tiny white bumps or small cysts on the skin common in newborns. | Milia |
| It is common for newborns to have jaundice for | First few weeks |
| A contagious skin infection that usually produces blisters or sores on the face, neck, hands, and diaper area is one of the most common skin infections among kids. It is generally caused by one of two bacteria. | Impetigo |
| A contagious skin disease caused by a species of mite that is very small | Scabies |
| Clinical condition caused by fungal infection of the skin in humans, pets such as cats, and domesticated animals such as sheep and cattle. | Ringworm |
| Small, usually harmless (benign) skin growths. Common in elderly. | Skin tags |
| Brown, black or pale has a waxy, scaly, slightly elevated appearance. Typically don't become cancerous, but they can look like skin cancer. More common with elderly. | Secorrheic keratosis |
| What happens to sensation and perspiration in the elderly? | They decrease |
| A disease caused by the same virus that causes chickenpox. The virus can live, but remain inactive, in your body for many years. If it becomes active again — usually later in life — the chickenpox virus can give you ____ | Herpes Zoster (“Shingles”) |
| What is the most common skin cancer? | Basal cell Carcinoma |
| Does skin cancer spread locally or systemically? | Locally |
| This type of skin cancer begins as a firm, red nodule or scaly, crusted, flat lesion | Squamous Cell Carcinoma |
| Can Squamous Cell Carcinoma spread if not treated? | Yes |
| Develops from pigment forming cells in the skin or from an existing mole | Malignant melanoma |
| Where does malignant melanoma appear on whites? (3) | Back or calfs, sun exposed areas |
| Where does malignant melanoma appear on African Americans? (3) | Palms, soles, under nails |
| Malignant melanoma spreads to the _____ and _____. | Lymph nodes and internal organs |
| What are the ABCDEF rules of early signs of melanoma? | Asymmetry, border irregularity, color not uniform, diameter greater that 6mm, elevation ( raised), feeling sensation of itching, tingling, or stinging within lesion |
| National Cancer Institute Recommends medical follow-up for: (6) | Lesion that lasts longer than 2 weeks, small, smooth, pale, shiny, wazy lump, firm red lump., lump that bleeds or produces a cyst, flat, red spot that is rough, dry, scaly |
| Form of medicine most commonly practiced in Southeast Asia. Involves rubbing heated oil on the skin, most commonly the chest, back, or shoulders, and then vigorously rubbing a coin over the area in a linear fashion until a red mark is seen. | Coining |
| ncient Chinese practice in which a cup is applied to the skin and the pressure in the cup is reduced (by using change in heat or by suctioning out air), so that the skin and superficial muscle layer is drawn into and held in the cup. | Cupping |
| Flat, blue, or blue-gray skin markings that commonly appear at birth or shortly thereafter. | Mongolian spots |
| Brittle, thinning, peeling, cracked or fissures in nails can indicate | Nutritional deficiency |
| Spooning of nails or grooves can indicate | Iron deficiency |
| If CRT is _____ it indicates _____ | 3 seconds, compromised circulation |
| What skin color suggests hypoxemia or compromised peripheral circulation | cyanosis |
| What skin color suggest anemia? | Pallor |
| What is the variation that occurs between dark skin and light skin when nails are depressed for CRT? | Light skin – they blanch, Dark skin – yellow/brown |
| A person’s nails with hypoxemia are likely to be | Clubbed |
| Acute or chronic infection around the nail bed, Appears swollen, erythemic, with possible drainage | Paronychia |
| What are three examples of things that can cause dry or brittle hair? | Nutritional deficiency, Hypothyroidism, Hair dyes/products |
| Absence of loss of hair; especially on the head | Alopecia |
| No hair on the lower extremities could be a sign of | Decreased circulation |
| Excessive hairiness on humans in those parts of the body where terminal hair does not normally occur | Hirsutism |
| a common, inflammatory skin condition that causes flaky, white to yellowish scales to form on oily areas such as the scalp or inside the ear. It can occur with or without reddened skin. | Seborrheic dermatitis/Cradle Cap |
Created by:
anastasia158
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