click below
click below
Normal Size Small Size show me how
NCC -A & P Chapter 5
Microbiology Basics
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Antibiotics | Chemicals that are used to treat bacterial infections. |
Broad-spectrum antibiotic | Antibiotic that destroys many different types of bacteria |
Narrow-spectrum antibiotic | Antibiotic that destroys only a few types of bacteria |
Communicable disease | A disease that can be spread from one host to another |
Non-communicable disease | An infectious disease that cannot be transmitted directly or indirectly from host to host |
Measles and Chicken Pox | Example of Communicable diseases |
Urinary tract infection | Example of a Non-communicable disease |
Epidemic disease | A disease scquired by many people in a given area over a short period of time. |
Pandemic | A worldwide epidemic |
Epidemiology | The study of the occurence and distribution of a disease in a population |
Incubation period | The lapsed period of time from the exposure of a person to a pathogen to the development of the symptoms of the disease. |
Normal flora | A group of microorganisms that colonize a host without causing disease. |
Where might normal flora colonize? | Mouth, intestinal tract, vagina, and nasal cavaties |
Nosocomial infection | A hospital acquired infection |
Reservoir of infection | A continual source of infection |
Resistance | The ability to ward off disease |
Susceptibility | A lack of resistance |
Sterilization | A process that destroys living organisms |
Vector | A carrier of pathogens from host to host |
Disease | The failure of the body to function normally |
Disease-producing microorganisms | Pathogens |
Symptoms that develop in response to the invasion of a pathogen | Infection |
Localized infection | An infection that is restricted to a small area |
Systemic infection | A widespread infection that is usually spread by the blood and affects the entire body. |
Classifications of Bacteria | Coccus(round), Bacillus(rod-shaped), Curved rod |
Cocci | Round cells arranged in patterns |
Diplococci | Cocci arranged in pairs |
Cocci arranged in chains, like a chain of beads | Streptococci |
Cocci arranged in clusters resembling bunches of grapes | Staphylococci |
Diseases caused by cocci | Gonorrhea, meningitis, and pneumonia |
Bacilli | Long, slender shaped bacteria that resemble a cigar |
Diseases caused by bacilli | Tetanus, diptheria, and tuberculosis |
Three types of curved rod bacteria | Vibrio, spirillum, and spirochete |
A slightly curved shaped bacteria that resembles a comma and can cause Cholera. | Vibrio |
A long celled bacteria that coils like a corkscrew | Spirillum |
Tightly coiled spirillum that are capable of waving and twisting | Spirochetes |
What type of bacteria causes syphilis? | Spirochetes |
Another name from syphilis | Treponema pallidum |
What are the two clinical characteristics of bacteria? | Cell walls and spores |
Spore | An encasement that allows a bacteria to survive harsh environmental conditions such as drying, heating, and exposure to certain disinfectants. |
What are two parasitic bacteria? | Rickettsia and Chlamydia |
Clostridium botulinum | The organism that causes deadly food poisoning (botulism) |
Bacteria that require a living host to survive | Parasites |
Chlamydia trachomatis | One of the most prevelent sexually transmitted diseases which is also responsible for trachoma, a serious eye infection that is a leading cause of blindness in the world. |
What is the causitive agent for Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever? | Rickettsia |
What are the smallest infectious agents? | Viruses |
Which type of pathogen consists of either RNA or DNA surrounded by a protein shell? | Viruses |
Measles, mumps, influenza, poliomyeltis, and AIDS are all caused by what pathogenic agent? | Viruses |
What causes myotic infections? | Pathogenic fungi |
A plantlike organism, such as a mushroom | Fungus |
A yeastlike fungus that normally inhabits the mouth, digestive tract, and vagina | Candida albicans |
Single-celled, animal-like microbes | Protazoa |
Four main types of protazoa | Amebas, ciliates, flagellates, and sporozoa |
What type of pathogen is found in the soil and in most bodies of water? | Protozoa |
Plasmodium malariae(malaria) is carried by what vector? | Mosquito |
Two members of the sporozoa group | Pneumocystis carinii and Crytopsporidium |
Protozoa that cause pneumonia | Pneumocystis carinii |
What does Cryptosporidium cause? | Severe diarrhea |
Treponema pallidum | Pocky lesion (chancre) that is caused by a spirochete and is also known as syphillis. |
What types of infection/symptoms can be experienced by the overgrowth of Candida? | Trush, vaginitis, and intestinal symptoms |
Which type of laboratory test is being performed when bacterium are stained with a red dye and then washed with acid? | Acid-fast stain |
What is the most famous of the acid-fast bacteria? | Mycobacterium tuberculosis (causitive agent of TB) |
What disease is caused by the Varicella-Zoster virus? | Chickenpox |
What are shingles? | An acute infection of the peripheral nervous system caused by the varicella-zoster virus, which also causes chickenpox. Characterized by a string of painful lesions around the waist, chest, and/or back. |
What two diseases are both caused by the Varicella-Zoster virus? | Chickenpox and shingles |
What are parasitic worms called? | Helminths |
Which helminth is common in children, very hard to control, cause puritis, and is normally tranmitted by the oral-fecal route? | Pinworms |