click below
click below
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Test 2:
chapters 27,46,18,20,34,8,26,37,38
Question | Answer |
---|---|
aerobic bacteria | bacteria that require oxygen to live and grow |
anaerobic bacteria | bacteria that can live without oxygen |
antibody | immunoglobin produced by the body in response to a specific antigen |
antigen | foreign material capable of inducing a specific immune response |
antimicrobial | antibacterial agent that kills bacteria or suppresses their growth |
asepsis | absence of disease-producing microorganisms;using methods to prevent infection |
bacteria | the most significant and most commonly observed infection-causing agents |
disinfection | process used to destroy microorganisms;destroys all pathogenic organisms except spores |
endogenous | infection in which the causative organism comes from microbial life the person himself or herself harbors |
exogenous | infection in which the causative organism is acquired form outside the host |
fungi | plant-like organisms that can cause infection (yeast and molds) |
healthcare-associated infection | nonsocomial;an infection that was not present on admision to the hospital and develops during the course of treatment for other conditions |
host | animal or person on or within which microorganisms live |
iatrogenic | infection that occurs as a results of a treatment of diagnostic procedure |
infection | disease state resulting from pathogens in or on the body |
isolation | protective procedure designed to prevent the transmision of specific microorganisms;also called protective aseptic techniques or barrier techniques |
medical asespsis | practices designed to reduce the number and transfer of pathogens;clean technique |
nosocomial | somethin originating or taking place in the hospital;hospital acquired infections |
pathogens | disease-producing microorganism |
reservoir | natural habitat for the growth and multiplication of microorganisms |
standard precautions | CDC precautions used in the care of all patients regardless of their diagnosis or possible infection status;this category combines universal and body substance precautions |
sterilization | the process by which all mircroorganisms, including spores, are destroyed |
surgical asepsis | practices that render and keep objects and areas free from microorganisms;sterile technique |
transmission-based precautions | CDC precautions used in patients known or suspected to be infected with pathogens that can be transmitted by airborne, droplet, or contact routes;used in addition to standard precautions |
vector | nonhuman carriers, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and lice, that transmit organisms from one host to another |
virulence | ability to produce disease |
virus | smallest of all microorganisms; can be seen only by using an elctron microscope |
Acid | substance containing a hydrogen ion that can be liberated or released |
acidosis | condition characterized by a proportionate excess of hydrogen ions in the ECF, in which the pH falls below 735 |
actice transport | movement of ions or molecules across cell membranes, usualy against a pressure gradient and with the expenditure of metabolic energy |
agglutinin | an antibody that causes a clumping of specific antigens |
alkalosis | condition, characterized by a proportionate lack of hydrogen ions in the ECF concentration, in which the pH exceeds 745 |
anions | ion that carries a negative electric charge |
antibody | immunoglobin produced by the body in response to a specific antigen |
antigen | foreign material capable of inducing a specidic immune response |
autologous transfusion | occurs when a patient donates his or her own blood for transfusion |
base | substance that can accept of trap a hydrogen ion; synonym for alkali |
buffer | substance that prevents body fluid from becoming overly acid or alkali |
cation | ion that carries a positive electric charge |
colloid osmotic pressure | pressure exerted by plasma proteins on permeable membranes in the body; synonym for oncotic pressure |
crossmatching | act of determining the compatibility of two blood specimens |
diffusion | tendecy of solutes to move freely throughout a solvent from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration until equilibrium is established |
edema | accumulation of fluid in extracellular spaces |
electrolytes | substance capable of breaking into ions and developing an electric charge when dissolved in solution |
filtration | passage of a fluid through a permeable membrance whose spaces do not allow certain solutes to pass; passage is from an area of higer pressure to one of lower pressure |
hydrostatic pressure | force exerted by a fluid against the container wall |
hypertonic | having a greater concentration that the solution with which it is being compared |
hypervolemia | excess of plasma |
hypotonic | having a lesser concentration that the solution with which it is being compared |
hypovolemia | deficiency of blood plasma |
ion | atom or molecule carrying an exectric chage in solution |
isotonic | having about the same concentration as the solution with which it is being compared |
osmolarity | concentration of particles in a solution, or a solution's pulling power |
osmosis | passage of a solvent through a semipermeable membrane from an area of lesser concentration to an area of greater concentration until equilibrium is established |
pH | expression of hydrogen ion concentration and resulting acifity of a substance |
solutes | substance dissolved in a solution |
solvents | liquid holding a substance in solution |
typing | determining a person's blood type |
accommodation | alteration of existing thoought processes to manage more complex information;process by which intellectual acts are changed to handle increasingly complex information |
assimilation | proccess of integrating new experiences into existing schemata; process by which a person interprets information to fit the current level of congnition |
cognitive development | learning that occurs as a result of internal organization of an event, which forms a mental plan and serves as a base for further schemata as one grows and develops(Piaget's theory of cognitive development) |
development | increase in the complexity of function and progression to skill advancement |
developmental tasks | successful achievement of psychomotor, psychosocial, or cognitive skills at certain periods in life; failure to obtain the developmental task can leada to unhappiness and difficulty with later tasks |
faith | spiritual dimensions of a persons life regardless of religious affiliation; confident belief in somehting for which there is no proof or material evidence |
genomics | the study of the structure and interactions of all genes in the human body, including the interactions with each other as well as the environment |
growth | an increase in body size or changes in body cell structure, function, and complexity |
moral development | influence of cultural effects on ones perceptions of justice in interpersonal relationships |