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Pharm Nurs 10
Pharmacology for Nurses Ch 10
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| d Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) | A diverse set of therapies and healing systems that are outside mainstream health care |
| 5 characteristics in common for CAM systems | 1 Focus on treating the individual 2 Consider health of whole person 3 Emphasize integration of body/mind 4 promote disease prevention and self-care 5 Recognize role of spirituality in health |
| Are CAMs usually subjected to rigorous clinical study? | No |
| The line between CAMs and mainstream medicine ( ) | Is constantly changing |
| From the pharmacological perspective, much of the value of CAMs is ( ) | Their ability to reduce the need for medications. |
| Reduction of drug dose leads to (2) | Fewer adverse effects and improved adherance to therapy |
| 6 major types of CAMs | 1- Alternative health care systems 2 Biologic-based therapies 3 Manual healing 4 Mind-body interventions 5 Spiritual 6 Other |
| 5 types of Alternative health care systems | 1- Chinese traditional medicine 2 Native American traditional medicine 3 Chiropractic 4 Homeopathy 5 Naturopathy |
| 3 types of biologic-based therapies | 1 Herbal therapies 2 Nutritional Suppliments 3 Special diets |
| 6 Types of manual healing | 1 Biofeedback 2 Guided imagery 3 Hypnotherapy 4 Meditation 5 Movement-Oriented therapies 6 Yoga |
| 2 types of spiritual healing | 1 Shamans 2 Faith and prayer |
| 3 other types of CAMs | 1 Animal assisted therapy 2 Bioelectomegnetics 3 Detoxifying therapies |
| d botanical | A plant extract used to treat or prevent illness |
| technical d of herb | A botanical without any woody tissue such as stems or bark |
| The terms botanical and herb | Used interchangeably to refer to any plant product with some useful application as a medicine |
| One of the earliest recorded uses of a plan product | A prescription for garlic in 3000 BC |
| Use for Cranberry 1 | Prevent UTI |
| Uses for Soy 3 | Relief of Menopausal symptoms, prevent cardivascular disease, anticancer |
| Uses for garlic 3 | Reduce blood pressure, reduce cholesterol, anticoagulation |
| Use of saw palmetto 1 | treatment of benign prostate hypertrophy |
| Uses of ginkgo 2 | Improve memory, reduce dizzyness |
| Uses of Echinacea 2 | Enhance immune system, anti-inflamatory |
| Uses of Milk Thistle 2 | antitoxin, protection against liver disease |
| Uses of St.John's Wart 3 | reduce depression, reduce anxiety, anti-inflammatory |
| Uses of Ginseng 3 | relieve stress, enhance immune system, decrease fatigue |
| Uses of Black Cohosh 1 | relief of menopause symptoms |
| Uses of Green Tea 2 | antioxidant and others |
| Uses of Evening Primrose 2 | relief of menopause symptoms and others |
| Valerian 2 | Relieve stress, promote sleep |
| Horny Goat Weed 1 | Enhance sexual function |
| Grape seed extract 1 | Antioxidant |
| The pharmaceutical industry began when? | In the late 1800's |
| The introduction of standardized drugs changed the focus of health care how? | Health care began to focus on the diagnosis and treatment of specific diseases instead of promoting wellness and holistic care |
| What percent of Adult Americans are taking Botanical or have taken them in the past? | The majority |
| 5 reasons for the increase in the popularity of botanicals | 1 Increased availablitiy of herbal products 2 aggressive marketing of the herbal industry 3 attention to natural alternatives 4 attention to preventative medicine 5 High cost of drugs |
| According to a Consumer Reports survey, what percertage of Americans have used alternative therapy? | 35% |
| According to Consumer Reports, what are the two most common reasons for using alternative therapies? | To relieve pain or stress |
| The pharmacologically active chemicals in a herbal product are found in what part of a plant? | In a specific part or in a all of it |
| Herbs may contain ( ) which have( ) | Many active chemicals.....not been studied |
| A possible result of an herb containing many active chemicals | The substances may work together synergistically and may not have the same potency if isolated |
| The potency of an herbal product may vary depending on ( 2 ) | 1 Where it was grown 2 How it was collected and stored |
| Potency and Herbs: Recent attemps have been made to ( 2 ) | standardize herbal products and some have been standardized |
| The best conceptualization of the active ingredient of a herb is ( ) | the entire herb |
| The two basic formulations of herbal products | Solid and liquid |
| 5 Solid herbal products | 1 Pills 2 Tablets 3 Capsules 4 salves 5 ointments |
| Liquid formulations of herbal products are created how? 2 | 1 The active chemical is extracted from the plant and added to a liquid solvent 2 The liquids are concentrated in various strenghts and ingested |
| 1 possible reason why dietary supplements might be helpful for Older Adults? | Nutritional deficiencies increase greatly with age and suppliments can help prevent and treat these deficiencies |
| 5 types of liquid formulations of herbal products? | 1 Decoction 2 Extract 3 Infusion 4 Tea 5 Tincture |
| d Decoction | Herbs are boiled in water until much of the liquid is boiled off, very concentrated |
| d extract | active ingredient is extracted using organic solvents to form a highly concentrated form |
| d Infusion | Herbs are soaked in water for a long time, stronger than tea |
| d tea | Herbs are soaked in water before ingesting |
| d tincture | Active ingredient is extracted using alcohol |
| Are herbal products regulated as closely as drugs? | No |
| What law regulates herbal procucts? When passed? | DSHEA The Dietary Supplemental Health and Educatoin Act of 1994. |
| d Dietary Supplement | A product that is intended to enhance or supplement a diet, such as a botanical, vitamin, or mineral, and is not already approved as a drug. |
| Are herbal products regulated as closely as drugs? | No |
| What law regulates herbal procucts? When passed? | DSHEA The Dietary Supplemental Health and Educatoin Act of 1994. |
| d Dietary Supplement | A product that is intended to enhance or supplement a diet, such as a botanical, vitamin, or mineral, and is not already approved as a drug. |
| Are herbal products regulated as closely as drugs? | No |
| What law regulates herbal procucts? When passed? | DSHEA The Dietary Supplemental Health and Educatoin Act of 1994. |
| d Dietary Supplement | A product that is intended to enhance or supplement a diet, such as a botanical, vitamin, or mineral, and is not already approved as a drug. |
| 2 major strengths of DSHEA | 1 It allows the FDA to pull herbal products that pose an unreasonable risk to the public 2 It requires dietary suppliments to be clearly labled |
| What have the flaws in DSHEA led to? (2) | 1 lack of standardization of dietary suppliments 2 less protection for consumers |
| 4 Flaws of DSHEA | 1 Manufacturer doesn't have to demonstrate effectiveness 2 Manufacturer doesn't have to demonstrate safety 3 Manufacturer can make unproven claims on the label 4 Doesn't make sure the product contains what it claims to contain |
| Changes in the Dietary Supplement and Nonprescription Drug Consumer Protection Act of 2007 (3) | 1 Dietary suppliments must contain contact information on the label 2 Companies must notify the FDA of any serious adverse events reported 3 Companies must keep a record of such events for six years |
| 1 other legal change in 2007 | Dietary manufacturers must regulate thier product to make sure it contains what the label says |
| Active chemical in botanicals | Some botanical contain active chemical as powerful as approved medications |
| A patient who substitutes an unproven alternative therapy for an established medical treatment may ( ) | Delay prolong their condition |
| Nurse responsibilities concerning herbal products 3 | 1 Watch for herbal-drug interactions 2 ask about herbals in taking a medical history 3 Understand that pregnant or lactating women or older adults are at particular risk for drug interactions |
| 3 areas of patient education and CAMs | 1 Strenghts and weaknesses of CAMs 2 Encourage patients to seek information from reputable sources 3 Pregnant/lactating women should never take suppliments without approval from their health care provider |
| Good news and bad news of nutritional suppliments | Usually not harmful, may give a patient false hope |
| nine herbs which interact with drugs | 1 Echinacea 2 Feverfew 3 Garlic 4 Ginger 5 Ginkgo 6 Ginseng 7 Goldenseal 8 St. john's wort 9 Valerian |
Created by:
twininger1
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