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Endocrine A&P
pn 141 test 1 book medsurg nursing pg 326
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what is the primary function of the body's endocrine system | to regulate the body's internal environment |
| list the magor endocrine organs | hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, thymus, adrenal glands (atop kidneys), pancreas, ovary, testes |
| anterior pituitary: what hormones | growth hormone (GH), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), melanocyte-stimulating hormone, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing harmone (LH) |
| Growth hormone: What is it; where is it located | promotes growth; anterior pituitary |
| Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH): what is it; where is it located | stimulates secretion of thyroid hormone; anterior pituitary |
| Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH): what is it; where is it located | stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete glucocorticoids;anterior pituitary |
| meanocyte-stimulating hormone: what is it; where is it located | controls pigmentation of the skin; anterior pituitary |
| what hormones are in the posterior pituitary | antidiuretic hormone (ADH), oxytocin |
| antidiuretic hormone (ADH): what is it; where is it located | promotes water tetention by kidneys; posterior pituitary |
| what hormones are in the thyroid gland | thyroid hormone (TH), calcitonin |
| thyroid hormone (TH): what is it; where is it located | increases metabolic rate; thyroid gland |
| what hormone is in the parathyroid gland | the parathyroid hormone |
| parathyroid hormone (PTH): what is it; where is it located | it increases serum calcium levels; parathyroid gland |
| what hormones are located in the adrenal cortex | glucocorticoids (cortisol), mineralocorticoids (Aldosterone) |
| glucocorticoids (cortisol): what is it; where is it located | it stimulates gluconeogenesis and increases blood glucose level, anti-inflammatory response; parathyroid gland |
| mineralocorticoids (Aldosterone): what is it; where is it located | regulates blood volume and electrolytes; parathyroid gland |
| what hormones are in the adrenal medulla | epinephrine and norepinephrine |
| epinephrine and norepinephrine: what is it; where is it located | it increases SNS in response to stress (fight or flight); adrenal medulla |
| def of hormones | chemical messengers of the body |
| how are hormone levels regulated | by a process called negative feedback (works like a thermometer in a house) |
| Hypothalamus: where is it located | in the brain between the cerebrum and the brainstem |
| Hypothalamus: what does it control | anterior pituitary function by regulating temperature, fluid volume and growth. It also responds to pain, pleasure, hunger, and thirst |
| Pituitary gland: where is it located | in the skull beneath the hypothalamus |
| Pituitary gland: why is it called the "master gland" | b/c its hormones regulate many different body functions |
| Pituitary gland: what are the two parts of it | the anterior and posterior lobes |
| thyroid gland: where is it located | it sits on either side of the trachea |
| thyroid gland: it needs an adequate supply of __________ in order to secrete the thyroid hormone and triiodothyronine which increases metabolism | iodine |
| parathyroid glands: where are the located | they are embedded on the posterior lobes of the thyroid gland |
| parathyroid glands: normal levels of ______ are necessary in order for PTH to apply its effect on bone and kindeys | vit D |
| Adrenal glands: where are they located | they sit on top of the kidneys |
| Adrenal glands: what are the two parts of each gland | outer cortex and inner medulla |
| Adrenal glands: adrenal cortex: when is aldosterone excreted | when blood volume and pressure falls below normal levels |
| pancreas: it is the primary organ involved in what disease | DM |
| pancreas: where is it located | behind the stomach between the spleen and the duodenum |
| pancreas: what are the two major functions of it | 1) acini cells secrete digestive enzymes into the duodenum, 2) the islets of langerhans release insulin and glucagon into the blood stream (to prevent hypo and hper glycemia these hormones must be in balance) |
| pancreas- insulin: what produces the insulin | the beta cells in the islets of langerhans |
| pancreas- insulin: what is the primary function of it | to regulate blood glucose levels |
| pancreas- insulin: what happens to glucose unused by the cells | it is stored in the liver and muscle cells as glycogen |
| pancreas- insulin: what happens to insulin levels after a person eats | it rises in minutes, peaks in 30-60 min, and returns to baseline in 2-3 hours |
| pancreas- glucagon: what produces it and where | alpha cells in the islets of langerhans |
| pancreas- glucagon: what does it do | it prevents blood glucose from decreasing below a certain level when the body is fasting or between meals |
| pancreas- glucagon: what is glycogenolysis | it converts glycogen into glucose in the liver and muscles |
| pancreas- glucagon: When is it released | when BG levels fall <70 mg/dL |
Created by:
jmkettel
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