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NCC -A & P

Chapter 2 Basic Chemistry

QuestionAnswer
What is the smallest unit of an element with that element's chemical characteristics? An atom
What are the 3 subatomic particles that an atom is composed of? Protons, neutrons, and electrons
What do you call anything that occupies space and has weight? Matter
What is a fundamental substance that cannot be broken down into a simpler form by ordinary chemical reactions? Elements
What are the basic forms of energy? Mechanical, chemical, thermal, radiant, electrical, and nuclear
What is energy that causes movement? Mechanical
What is energy stored in chemical bonds? For example, fuel to do work like running. Chemical
Which type of energy is released from the movement of charged particles? Electrical
Light is an example of what type of energy? Radiant
Energy tranferred because of a temperature difference is known as __________. Thermal
What is the ability to perform work called? Energy
A substance that is being dissolved and which is present in the smaller amount is refered to as the _______________. Solute
In what 3 forms can you find a solute? Solid, liquid, and gas
What would be considered the solute in salt water? Salt
In a solution, which part is present in the greater amount? Solvent
In an aqueous solution, what part makes up the solvent? Water
A solution where the solvent is alcohol is known as _____________. Tincture
In the nucleus of an atom, what two numbers do you add together to get the atomic weight? Protons and neutrons
If an atom had 6 protons and 5 neutrons, what would it's atomic weight be? 11
What does ATP stand for? Adenosine Triphosphate
What role does ATP have in the human body? energy transfer
What do you call chemical substances that help speed up the rate of a chemical reaction? Catalysts
What do you call proteins that perform the role of catalyst? Enzymes
What is the most abundant compound in the body? Water
What are the 5 reasons that water is so important within the human body? Water is the universal solvent, Water is a temperature regulator, Water is an ideal lubricant, Water is used in chemical reactions, and Water is a protective device
What does Na+ stand for? Sodium
What is the symbol for bicarbonate? HC03
What do you call positively charged ions? Cations
What do you call negatively charged ions? Anions
What is a unit of measurement that indicates how many H+ are in a solution? pH
What type of bond is not caused by either the transfer or sharing of electrons in the outer shells of atoms? Hydrogen bond
Which type of bond involves a sharing of electrons by the outer shell of the atoms? Covalent bond
What type of bond is caused by a transfering of electrons between two atoms? Ionic bond
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