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Med surg unit 3
nctc summer med surg unit 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What percent of the body is water? | 60% |
| What is the average fluid intake per day? | 2500, can range from 1800-3000 |
| What is the formula for calculating daily I&O | 100 ML/KG for the first 10kg +50 ml/kg for the next 10kg +15 ml/kg per remaining kg of weight. |
| What are the primary sources of body fluid? | Ingested food, liquids, and metabolic oxidation |
| How do we lose fluid from our bodies? | Sensible: Urination, bowel eliminationInsensible: Sweat and vapor exhaled air |
| What are three chemical substances that are components of body fluid? | Electrolytes, acids, and bases |
| What is movement of water thru semipermeable membrane from a dilute area to a more concentrated area. | Osmosis |
| The power to draw water toward an area of greater concentration? | Osmotic pressure |
| What are large sized substances such as serum proteins and blood cells do not readily pass thru cell and tissue membranes? | Colloids |
| What are serum proteins? | Albumin, globulin, fibrinogen |
| Fluid distribution through osmosis occurs in the following ways: | If the solute concentration is higher in the cell, water is drawn thru the membrane into the cell from the interstitial space. The process continues untill the solution is isotonic |
| what is movement back and forth of fluid and exchange of chemicals | Translocation |
| What promotes the movement of fluid and some dissolved substances through a semipermeable membrane according to pressure differences. | Filtration |
| Where dissolved substances move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration | Passive diffusion |
| what is active transport? | Requires an energy source called ATP, to drive dissolved chemicals from an area of low to an area of high concentration |
| Name three mechanisms that help regulate fluid and electrolytes? | Osmoreceptors, renin-angiotension-aldosterone system, Natriuretic peptides |
| What are two types of fluid imbalances | Hypovolemia and Hypervolemia |
| What is hypovolemia | Refers to a low volume of extracellular fluid. Electrolytes are usually depleted. Low blood volume |
| Who is at risk for hypovolemia? | Those who are lethargic, depressed, or vomiting, diarrhea, dementia, fever, dysphagia,take diuretics,laxatives, or drugs that inhibit cell hydration |
| What is the most common fluid imbalance in older adults | Dehydration |
| What would you see in a patient who has hypovolemia? | Decreased Blood Pressure, Increased heart rate, Hypotension |
| What problems can occur with hypovolemia. | Increased potential for blood clots and urinary stones. Compromises the kidney's ability to excrete nitrogen wastes |
| What is the earliest sign of Hypovolemia? | Thirst, assess skin turgor in older adults |
| What is the medical management? | Treat the cause, increase volume of oral intake, administer IV fluids and control fluid loss |
| What is the nursing management? | Respond to thirst, avoid beverages with alcohol and caffeine because this increases urination, Do Not restrict salt or sodium intake |
| What is a high volume of water in the intravascular fluid compartment? | Hypervolemia |
| Hypervolemia is a consequence of what? | Heart failure, kidney disease, fluid retention, corticosteroid drugs such as prednisolone |
| What are signs and symptoms of hypervolemia? | Early sign is weight gain, May be evidence of dependent edema |
Created by:
jlsmith
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