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Psy 133 Ch 19
The Self and Society
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Integrity vs. Despair: involves reflecting on the past and either piecing together a positive review or concluding that one’s life has not been well spent | Erikson Theory |
| looking back at one’s life experiences, evaluating them, and interpreting/reinterpreting them | Life review |
| What are the characteristics of Life review? | Life review is set in motion by looking forward to deathCan include sociocultural dimensions, interpersonal/relationship dimensions, and personal dimensions (looking for meaning) |
| What is Theories of Socioemotional Development related to erikson theories. | Regrets involve four major themes:Mistakes and bad decisions,Hard times,Social relationships,Missed opportunities (educational, relationship, occupational). |
| the more active and involved older adults are, the more likely they are to be satisfied with their lives | Activity Theory |
| Characteristics of Activity Theory | Suggests that individuals will achieve greater life satisfaction if they continue their middle-adulthood roles into late adulthood |
| older adults become more selective about their social networks, spending more time with individuals with whom they have had rewarding relationships. | Socioemotional Selectivity Theory |
| What are the two important classes of goals related to Socioemotional Selectivity Theory | Knowledge-related,Emotional |
| What type of Trajectory for each type of goal | When time is perceived as open-ended, knowledge-related goals are pursued more oftenPartly because phase of generativity is completedAs older adults perceive that they have less time left, emotional goals become more important. |
| successful aging is linked with three main factors that help us adapt to our losses | Selective Optimization with Compensation Theory |
| older adults have a reduced capacity and loss of functioning, which require a reduction in performance in most life domains | Selection |
| it is possible to maintain performance in some areas through continued practice and the use of new technologies | Optimization |
| older adults need to compensate when life tasks require a higher level of capacity | Compensation |
| Characteristics of Personality | Conscientiousness predicts lower mortality risk from childhood through late adulthood.Low conscientiousness and high neuroticism predicts earlier death. |
| More on charcteristics of Personality | Older adults characterized by negative affect do not live as long as those characterized by more positive affect & optimism |
| Characteristics of Self-Esteem | Tends to be higher for males than females; difference disappears in the 70’s and 80’s.Highest in 50’s-60’s. Tends to decline significantly in the 70’s and 80’s. |
| More on Characterustics of Self Esteem | Deteriorating physical health, institutionalized,Negative societal attitudes toward older adults,Being widowed,Low religiosity. |
| What is Self-Control | a majority of adults in their 60’s and 70’s report being in control of their lives U.S has one of the highest levels of reported self-control in the elderly |
| What is Accommodating control strategies | changing your goal to fit your circumstanceincrease in importance |
| What is assimilative control strategies | changing your situation to meet your goals.decrease in importance |
| What is Ageism? | prejudice against others because of their age |
| Stereotypes against older adults are often negative, common: Some includes | Can’t think clearly or learn new things,Elderly have nothing to contribute, can’t hold a job,Elderly are too frail/ sick to do much of value,Concern that the economy cannot bear the burden of so many older persons. |
| In what way does Elderly increase health care costs & burden the health care system | 1/3 of all health care costs is for people > 65 years old (Medicare),U.S. is only industrial nation with health care for seniors but not national healthcare,Medical system is based on a “cure” rather than “care” model. |
| What is Eldercare? | physical and emotional caretaking of the elderlyCan be home-based, with assistance, institutional |
| What is Generational Inequity? | the view that our aging society is being unfair to its younger membersControversial issue. |
| What are the income for older adults? | 10%–12% of older people are living in povertyVaries by gender and ethnicityAverage income for retired individuals is about half what they earned when they were fully employed |
| What are some living arrangements for older adults | 95% of older adults live in the communityTwo-thirds live with family members, one-third aloneHalf of older women 75 years and older live alone |
| Older Adults and Technology | Older adults are less likely to have a computer in their home, but make up the fastest growing segment if internet users. Older adults spend more time on the Internet, visit more Web sites, and spend more money on the Internet than young adults |
| Marital Status & Living Arrangements of Elderly | Women are less likely to remarry after widowed |
| What are some characteristics of Married older Adults | 56% of U.S. adults over 65 are married; 45% of older adult women are widowsOnly 10% of men are widowers |
| More on Married Older Adults | Marital satisfaction is greater in older adults than middle-aged adultsRetirement alters a couple’s lifestyleGreatest changes occur in the “traditional” family |
| Older Adults and marriage | Older adults who are married or partnered are usually happier and live longer than those who are singleMarried less likely to die in next seven years |
| What are some caracteristics of Romance and Sex in older adults | Increased divorce rate and longer longevity has resulted in an increase in older adult datingHealthy older adults may still engage in sexual activitiesCompanionship often becomes more important than sexual activity |
| What are some cohabiting habits of older adults. | 3% of older adults cohabit; the number is expected to increaseMarriage decreases social security benefits, |
| More on cohabiting older Adults | Cohabiting is often more for companionship than for loveCohabiting older adults often have a more positive, stable relationship than cohabiting younger adults.Health of cohabiting couples does not differ from the health of married couples |
Created by:
smensah
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