Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Chapter 18
Pathophysiology: Valvular Disorders
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| valve disorders increase the risk for (2) | clot formation and infection |
| normal heart sounds heard during systole and diastole are called | lub and dub |
| lub (first sound) | heard at beginning of systole; closure of tricuspid and mitral valves |
| dub (second sound) | heard at the beginning of diastole; closure of pulmonary and aortic valves |
| stenosis | narrowing of the valve; increased resistance to flow and blood backs up (stiffened) |
| regurgitation | loose valve; leakage of blood backwards because valve will not shut properly |
| two most common valve disorders | mitral and aortic stenosis because fibrotic tissue thickens with age |
| the sounds heard during turbulent blood flow through the heart or great vessels | murmurs |
| physiologic murmurs | innocent/functional, heard during states of high blood flow to the heart, asymptomatic (examples are anxiety, fever, pregnancy) |
| pathologic murmurs | caused by the valve deformity/dysfunction, medical intervention is needed |
| complications of valvular disorders | dysrhythmias, thrombus formation, stroke/MI, heart failure |
| dysrhythmias (valvular disorder leads to) | disruption of conduction with overstretching heart chambers |
| thrombus formation (valvular disorder) | turbulent/static blood flow --increased clot risk |
| stroke/ MI (valvular disorder) | elevated thrombus formation follows |
| heart failure (valvular disorder) | hypertrophies- ischemia and infarction |
| common causes of valvular disorders | congenital (marfan's), acquired (astheroscelerosis, hypotension, rheumatic disease), or infective endocarditis (IV drug use) |
| major causes of rheumatic heart disease (RHD) | acute streptococcal infection leading to rheumatic fever can cause RHD even years later |
| gold standard of valvular disorders | echocardiography |
| TTE: transthoracic echocardiography | noninvasive, transducer placed on chest wall (Most common method) |
| TEE: transesophageal echocardiography | transducer inserted into the esophagus (more sensitive, sedated) |
| mitral stenosis caused by | rheumatic fever or mitral annular calcification |
| mitral stenosis valve problem and fluid back up | narrow mitral valve hinders blood flow into LV; backs up into left atrium causing enlargement and backs up into pulmonary veins |
| mitral stenosis S+S | pulmonary edema |
| mitral regurgitation caused by | commonly after myocardial infarction |
| mitral regurgitation valve problem and fluid back up | loose mitral valve allows for back flow of blood during systole; back into left atrium instead of left ventricle fluid backs up into lungs because increased resistance |
| mitral regurgitation S+S | back: dyspnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, orthopnea forward: confusion, cool extremities, low urine, weak |
| aortic stenosis caused by | aortic sclerosis, RHD, congenital valve defect |
| aortic stenosis valve problem and fluid back up | LV cannot eject blood due to increased resistance; poor closure of aortic valve during diastole; blood backs up into LA and pulmonary veins |
| aortic stenosis S+S | pulmonary edema |
| pulmonic regurgitation caused by | increased workload on the right ventricle |
| pulmonic regurgitation valve problem and fluid back up | failure of the valve to close completely; blood backs up into the RA causing right sided heart failure |
| pulmonic stenosis valve problem and fluid back up | narrowing of the pulmonic valve meaning that less blood is being oxygenated by the lungs and will flow back into the right side |
| tricupsid stenosis caused by | infective endocarditis (IV drug use) |
| tricupsid stenosis valve problems and back up | blood cannot enter RV as expected due to narrow tricuspid valve and it will back up into the RA atrium causing enlargement and many backwards effects |
Created by:
ELoranger
Popular Nursing sets