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VN 140 Antineoplasti
VN 140 Antineoplastics
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Antineoplastics | cancer drugs |
malignancy | out of control abnormal cell growth robbing other tissues of nutrients that are required for normal health |
metastasis | spread of malignant cells to other areas of the body |
neoplasm | abnormal growth or tumors that maybe benign or malignant. |
chemotherapeutic agents | designed to treat malignant diseases. -action is to slow cell growth or delay spread of malignant cells. |
chemotherapeutic agents | can be used with other treatments such as surgery or radiation and goal of chemotherapy is destroy all tumor cells without excessive destruption of normal cells |
antineoplastic agents | can be given alone or combined. |
what cells are the most sensitive to radiation therapy? | GI tract and epithelial oral mucosa cells |
what are the antineoplastic agents? | a) alkylating agents b)antibiotic preparations c) antimetabolites d) hormones e) mitotic inhibitors f) miscellaneous agents g) radioactive medications |
alkylating agents | it interferes with normal processes of cell - affect both the normal and malignant cells; malignant cells seems to be affected more by these drugs |
alkylating agents - uses | recurrent ovarian CA, CML, brain tumors, hodgkin's disease, CLL, malignant lymphomas, breast & testicular CA, multiple myeloma, lymphosarcoma, CA of the pancreas, urinary bladder |
mustargen (alkylating agent) | used as a chemical warfare agent -used in hodgkin disease, bronchogenic carcinoma and lymphosarcoma; may produce nausea, vomiting, jaundice, alopecia, skin rash, diarrhea, lymphocytopenia |
antibiotic preparations | used to delay or prevent cell division of the malignant cells. -interferes with the DNA and RNA synthesis. |
antibiotic preparations - uses | lymphomas, squamous cell CA of head and neck, breast, bladder, ovarian, stomach, pancrease, lung, testicular & uterine CA, leukemia, hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria |
antimetabolites | disrupt normal cell functions by interfering with various metabolic functions of the cell -most effective in cells that are most rapidly dividing (ie skin cells, blood cell, hair) |
antimetabolites - uses | leukemia, lymphoma, solid tumor malignancies, mets breast CA, AML & ALL, CLL, CML, GI & liver adenocarcinoma with mets, CA of breast |
hormones | certain tumors may depend on hormones/chemicals produced by sex glands; various hormones that counteract the effects of the hormones used by the tumor maybe an effective treatment |
hormones | the mechanism of action is unknown |
hormones - uses | advanced or mets breast CA, advanced prostate CA, renal or endometrial CA, palliation |
tamoxifen | Nolvadex |
tamoxifen (hormones) | competes with estrogen; given to gynecomastia -used in breast cancer in postmenopausal women; may produce hypercalcemia and ophtalmic changes. |
mitotic inhibitors | special group of medications that directly interfere with or stop cell division |
mitotic inhibitors - uses | hodgkin's disease, Kaposi's sarcoma, lymphoma, testicular CA, Wilm's tumor, acute leukemia, non-small cell lung CA, breast & ovarian CA |
VINCAs (mitotic inhibitors) | these are drugs: vinblastine, vincristine and vinorelbine tartrate -very corrossive to blood vessel or soft tissue -stop infusion if it is not going to vein and use cold compress |
vincristine (mitotic inhibitors) | side effect: tingling and numbness -used in hodgkin's disease, Wilm's tumor, acute leukemia, lumphosarcoma; may produce nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fever, wt loss, ataxia, headache & mouth ulcers |
vinblastine (mitotic inhibitors) | used in hodgkin's disease, Kaposi sarcoma, lymphoma, and testicular carcinoma; may cause nausea, vomiting, malaise, headache, numbness, paresthesias, weakness, depression & leukopenia |
vinorelbine tartrate (mitotic inhibitors) | IV product used in non-small cell lung cancer. Unlabled uses in breast cancer, ovarian carcinoma, and Hodgkin's disease |
miscellaneous agents | a mix of other drugs developed in the last few yrs. -make up the largest category of antineoplastics |
miscellaneous agents | -treatment of wide variety of conditions; many unlabled & some are being used in clinical trials to determine safety & effectiveness |
radioactive medications | medication containing radioactive material ingested orally or injectable |
radioactive medications - uses | hyperthyroidisms, thyroid CA, palliation, curative, preventative, lymphoma, brain CA |
radioactive iodine (i131) | cell & tissue destruction is localized were cancer is at -med is given when pt is @ hospital -not everybody is allowed. Has to self care |
when radioactive meds are given, what must nurses do? | a) must shield self b) less time, the better c) space between patient and nurse |
adverse reactions of antineoplastics | the meds action on normal cells cause many of the adverse reactions - dose dependent -most common: nausea, vomitting, diarrhea, anorexia, alopecia, bone marrow depression |
neutropenia patient | WBC is low |