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NURS337 Exam 1
Respiratory Conditions
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| newborn airway | narrow and more easily occluded |
| infants up to 4 months | obligatory nose breathers, lack reflex to breath through mouth; suffocation is problem because of blockage to nose |
| newborn cough | nonproductive because of little mucus production; lack cleansing function, more susceptible to infection |
| newborn sense of smell | highly developed, mucous membranes highly vascular |
| infant respiratory rate | 35 - 55, faster and more irregular |
| children under age 6 | abdominal breathers |
| children under 8 | epiglottis more susceptible to swelling |
| cystic fibrosis | inherited autosomal recessive causes thick mucus that affects respiratory, gastrointestinal, exocrine and reproductive systems |
| cystic fibrosis dysfunctional protein | moves chloride through cell walls, water doesn't get into the cells leading to sticky mucus in various organs |
| cystic fibrosis general | prolonged jaundice |
| cf gi | steatorrhea, malnutrition and growth failure despite adequate caloric intake, deficiencies in fat soluble vitamins, meconium ileus, abdomen distention |
| cf respiratory | crackles, wheezes, diminished breath sounds, productive cough, tachypnea, hypoxia, secretions lead to obstruction |
| cf integumentary | salty tasting tears and skin, thing and underweight, barrel chest, listless and lethargic, digital clubbing |
| cf exocrine | high concentrations of sodium and chloride in sweat; 2 year delay to secondary sex characteristics, thickened mucus at cervix leads to barrier to sperm, 95% males are sterile |
| cystic fibrosis diagnosis | signs and symptoms, absence of pancreatic enzymes, increased electrolyte concentration, meconium ileus; chest x ray - patchy atelectasis and obstructive emphysema, sweat chloride |
| cystic fibrosis nursing care | ensure respiratory function, enhance nutrition, promote growth and independence; control infection, maximize aeration |
| airway clearance | medicated aerosol therapy, chest physiotherapy, antibiotics and suctioning |
| rhino sinusitis | inflammation and accumulation of secretions leading to congestion and infection; facial pain, headache and fever |
| rhino sinusitis symptoms | cough worsened at night, low grade fever, ear pressure, postnasal drip, hyposmia |
| rhino care | antibiotics, saline irrigation spray, humidification |
| pharyngitis | sore throat, inflammation of the mucosa of the pharynx; abrupt fever, difficulty swallowing, headache; inflamed and enlarged pharynx and tonsils |
| pharyngitis care | if bacterial antibiotics, hydration and acetaminophen |
| tonsilitis | inflammation of the tonsils; protect respiratory and alimentary tract; surgically repaired - concerned for bleeding, keep away from sharp foods, straws, vigorous toothbrushing, do not cough |
| croup, RSV | viral illness of upper airway; swelling and erythema of trachea and vocal cords |
| croup symptoms | seal bark cough, mild to moderate dyspnea, tachypnea, steeple sign on x ray, low grade fever, respiratory rate less than 50, inspiratory stridor, purulent sputum |
| croup care | corticosteroids, humidified air |
| acute epiglotitis | medical emergency, rapidly progressing obstruction |
| acute epiglotitis symptoms | high fever, sore throat, dyspnea, tripod position, drooling and protruding tongue, dysphagia, dysphonia,; thick and muffled voice, decreased respiratory effort |
| acute epiglotitis diagnosis | blood culture, soft tissue imaging, radiograph |
| acute epiglotitis prevention | Hib vaccine |
| acute epiglotitis treatment | antibiotics, steroids, cool mist, NPO |
| bronchitis symptoms | dry hacking cough becoming more purulent over time, rhinorrhea, nasopharyngeal infection, coarse breath sounds, low substernal discomfort, rhonchi and rales |
| bronchitis care | provide oxygenation, ensure airway is open, antipyretics, analgesics, humidity, cough suppressants |
| bronchiolitis and RSV | cold like symptoms, respiratory distress with wheezy breathing and cyanosis, rales and prolonged expiratory phase, low to moderate fever, decreased appetite |
| bronchiolitis and RSV hospitalization | severe in infants, head bobbing, nasal flaring, retractions, tachypnea greater than 60 |
| bronchiolitis treatment | supportive symptom care, oxygen therapy (hi flow nasal cannula), suction; maintain hydration, fever control |
| bronchiolitis prevention | synagis (premature neonates), vaccine |
| pneumonia | lower respiratory infection of pulmonary parenchyma; fever, dyspnea, tachypnea, crackles and cough diagnosed through chest x ray and sputum culture |
| pneumonia treatment | adequate hydration, oxygen, chest physiotherapy, antibiotics |
| foreign body aspiration symptoms | hoarseness, cough and wheeze, dyspnea |
| foreign body aspiration treatment | laryngoscopy, bronchoscopy, antibiotics |
| pertussis | whooping cough, bordatella spread droplet and highly contagious |
| pertussis symptoms | severe persistent cough can cause hypoxic spells and vomiting, inspiratory whoop |
| pertussis diagnosis | nasal swab, unvaccinated, symptoms |
| pertussis prevention | DTap vaccine |
| influenza symptoms | abrupt fever, facial flushing, chills, headache, myalgia and malaise, sore throat, photophobia |
| influenza treatment | supportive care, tamiflu - weight side effects, rest and hydration |
| allergic rhinitis | inflamed nasal membranes in nose and eyes; mouth breathing, itchiness, watery rhinorrhea, nasal congestion, postnasal drip, allergic shiners - dark periorbital swelling, fatigue, sneezing |
| allergic rhinitis treatment | antihistamines, corticosteroid sprays, decongestants, leukotriene inhibitors, avoid allergic triggers |
| asthma | inflammation and edema of the bronchial mucosa and production and retention of thick pulmonary secretions leading to airway obstruction |
| status asthmaticus | medical emergency, exacerbation or attack |
| asthma symptoms | recurrent wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, tachypnea, retractions and nasal flaring, listlessness, gray or blue lips |
| asthma diagnosis | pulmonary function test |
| asthma management bronchodilator | SABA - albuterol, administered nebulizer |
| asthma corticosteroid | oral - prednisone or IV - solumedrol, inhaled - flovent |
| asthma anticholinergic | atrovent, effective with albuterol |
| COVID 19 symptoms | N/V/D, anosmia, ageusia, muscle and body aches, cough and SOB |
Created by:
ahommel
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