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NURS337 Exam 1
Gastrointestinal Condition
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| upper portion | nutrient intake or ingestion, mouth and esophagus, tongue initiates salivation |
| infant longer posterior soft palate | assists in swallowing milk |
| infant smaller passage from mouth to pharynx | controls amount of liquid taken in |
| infant stomach emptying | 2.5 - 3 hours, requires frequent feedings |
| infant immature dugestive system | amylase and trypsin are not normal until 4 months, carefully and slowly introduce foods; drugs are absorbed more completely |
| cleft lip | opening or split in the upper lip, normally complete closure is accomplished 35 days post conception, repair is less invasive |
| cleft palate | opening split in roof of the mouth, infants cannot suck and require adaptive feeding equipment, repair before the child starts speaking and is more invasive |
| cleft lip/palate nursing care | assess airway and sucking ability, adaptive feeding equipment |
| inguinal hernia | failure of the vaginalis to atrophy and close, provides a canal that allows for abdominal fluid or structure to extend through scrotum or labia |
| inguinal hernia symptoms | bulge on either side of pubic bone with burning, gurgling or aching sensation; pain when lifting or coughing |
| inguinal hernia care | surgical repair, stool softeners to prevent straining |
| umbilical hernia | protrusion of the intestine through abdominal fascia, identifiable through crying, defecation or coughing; result of failure of the umbilical ring to close |
| umbilical hernia care | most resolve spontaneously by age 3 to 5, if not surgery; most common in premature and low birth weight, black infants, trisomy 21 |
| hypertrophic pyloric stenosis | enlargement of the pyloric sphincter often presenting with projectile vomiting while palpating an olivelike mass at RUQ |
| hypertrophic PS symptoms | metabolic alkalosis from loss of acid, insatiable appetite, weight loss and dehydration, constipation |
| hypertrophic PS diagnostics | ultrasound, barium swallow |
| pyloromyotomy | incision and suture of the pyloric sphincter, laprascopy, common for infant to experience some vomiting after, pedialyte 15mL is given every 2 hours for 2 feeds |
| hypertrophic PS care | alert to signs of dehydration - skin turgor, mucous membranes, urine output; NG tube prior to surgery |
| intussusception | one portion of the intestines invaginates or telescopes into another, common at ileocecal valve; children develop intermittent severe, crampy abdominal pain; insoluble crying and drawing legs toward abdomen |
| intussusception symptoms | acute abdominal pain, colicky pain, legs pulled up toward abdomen, fever and dehydration, distention, lethargy, grunting noises, currant jelly stool |
| intussusception diagnosis | sausage shaped mass in RUQ - dance's sign, barium enema will relieve obstruction; monitor for perforation, peritonitis, monitor and record stool |
| inflammatory bowel disease | treatment focus on nutrition, medication and surgery |
| crohn's disease | cobblestone skip lesions; bloody mucus stool, urgency, cramp like pain, LUQ tenderness, anemia, uveitis, anorexia |
| crohn's disease care | frequent, small meals high in protein and carbs, vitamin and iron supplements, restrict fried foods and carbonated drinks |
| ulcerative colitis | acute or chronic inflammation of the colon, recurring bloody diarrhea; tenesmus, LUQ pain, weight loss, oral ulcers |
| tenesmus | painful spasmodic contraction of the anal sphincter leading to sensation of constantly needing to empty the bowel |
| ulcerative colitis care | managed with diet, steroids, curable with surgery; lifestyle alterations, sleep and rest, stress reduction |
| appendicitis | periumbilical pain awakens child, vomiting and anorexia, low volume stool; high fever and sudden relief - perforation; appendectomy |
| acute diarrhea | increased frequency and fluid content of stools; adequate fluid balance, hydration IV or oral, bowel rest; handwashing and hygiene |
| vomiting care | assess vomit; color, timing after food, projectile, how much; bowel rest, slow re introduction, need for feeding |
| constipation | difficult or infrequent stool for 2 weeks or more; disimpaction through enemas, stool softeners |
| constipation causes | hirschprung, metabolic, poor appetite, inadequate water, rectal fissures |
| GER | return of gastric contents - functional |
| GERD | pathological reflux |
| GERD symptoms | irritability and fussiness, dysphagia or refusal to feed, choking, chronic cough, wheezing and apnea, weight loss, frequent respiratory infections |
| GERD care | feeding and positioning methods, 24 hour intra esophageal study, pH study, PPI's, nissen fundoplication |
| hirschprung's disease | aganglionic megacolon caused by absence of ganglion cells lacking motility in the bowel (no peristalsis) |
| hirschprung's symptoms | failure to pass meconium within the first 48 hours of life, failure to thrive, poor feeding, chronic constipation, vomiting, abdominal obstruction |
| hirschprung's care | resection of the bowel with or without colostomy, tube feeding, fluid balance |
| celiac disease | permanent intolerance to gluten; diarrhea, abdominal distention and bloating, steatorrhea; diagnosed with a bowel biopsy |
| biliary atresia | idiopathic progressive inflammatory process, fatal if not corrected in first 2 years; jaundice, dark urine, light stools; palpated large liver |
| biliary atresia surgery | kasai procedure or liver transplant |
Created by:
ahommel
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