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Keri Bills Ph Asgmt1
Physiology Assignment 1 Weeks 1-6
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Major Surfaces of the CNS | Right Cerebral Hemisphere, Cerebellum, L Cerebral Hemisphere, Longitudinal Cerebral Fissure, Brain Stem, Spinal Cord |
| Somatic Sensory | Receives Sensory inputs from skeletal muscles, joins, fascia, skin and special senses. |
| Visceral Sensory | Receives sensory inputs from viscera. (Blood vessels and organs |
| Motor or (efferent) | Transmits information from the central nervous system to the body. |
| Somatic Motor | Voluntary nervous System - skeletal muscle |
| Autonomic Motor | Involuntary nervous system - cardiac muscle, smooth muscle and glands |
| Sensory Division (Afferent) | Transmits information from peripheral receptors to the central nervous system. |
| Longitudinal Cerebral Fissure | Separates left and right hemispheres. |
| What is the function of the cerebellum? | The part of the brain responsible for balance and coordination. |
| What is the function of the Cerebrum? | The largest part of the brain, responsible for interpreting sensory information and developing motor commands. |
| What is the function of the Thalamus? | The Thalamus relays messages between lower brain centers and cerebral cortex. |
| Where is the location and function of the Hypothalamus? | The Hypothalamus is a neural structure lying below the thalamus; directs eating, drinking, body temperature; helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland, and is linked to emotion. |
| What does the Pineal Gland do? | To secrete melatonin. |
| The Dura Mater is? | Is a thick, outermost layer of the meninges surrounding and protecting the brain and spinal cord |
| Arachnoid Mater is? | The middle layer of the meninges, It lies directly below the dura mater. It's a thin layer that lays between the dura mater and pia mater. It doesn't contain blood vessels or nerves. |
| What does the brain cortex do? | The areas within the cerebrum that receive and integrate real-time information. |
| What is Myosin? | They function as molecular motors that exert force on actin, changes its shape, and slides actin filaments around or moves along them. |
| What are Myofibrils? | They make up a muscle cell made of highly organized actin filaments and myosin II fibers. |
| What is the periosteum? | Outermost covering of bone. |
| Define spongy bone? | Lighter, less dense bone found in end of long bones. |
| What is the epiphysis? | Wide knob-like end of bone covered with cartilage. |
| Where is red bone marrow located? | Inside spongy bone. |
| Tough connective tissue, covers the end of bones and is rubbery and blue-white in appearance | Cartilage. |
| Name a moveable joint. | Synovial. |
| Name a bone forming cell. | Osteoblast. |
| Where is yellow bone marrow found? | In the Medullary Cavity. |
| What is the purpose of synovial fluid? | For lubrication. |
| What is compact bone? | Hard, dense outer layer of bone. |
| What is another name for the long shaft of the bone? | Diaphysis. |
| When two bones are joined together by cartilage, function as one bone is called? | Symphysis |
| Where are growth plates are located? | Metaphysis |
| Definition of a phospholipid? | A molecule consisting of a glycerol molecule, two fatty acid molecules and a phosphate group covalently bonded together. |
| If something is hydrophobic, that means? | Water-repelling (water-hating). |
| If something is hydrophillic? | Associating with water molecules easily (water-loving). |
| A glycolipid is? | A lipid with carbohydrate molecules attached. |
| A glycoprotein is? | A protein with carbohydrate molecules attached. |
| Define cholesterol? | A lipid molecule (not a triglyceride) found in all cell membranes and involved in the synthesis of steroid hormones. |
| What is a carrier protein? | A protein found in membranes, which is capable of carrying a specific molecule or ion through the membrane by active transport. |
| What is a channel protein? | A protein pore that spans a membrane, through which very small ions and water soluble molecules may pass. |
| What is the phospholipid bilayer? | A double layer of phospholipids that makes up plasma and organelle membranes |
| fluid mosaic model | A membrane structure depicting a cellular membrane as a mosaic of diverse protein molecules embedded in a fluid bilayer of phospholipid molecules. |
| What is DNA? | A double-stranded, helical nucleic acid molecule capable of replicating and determining the inherited traits of organisms and viruses. |
| What is a type of weak chemical bond formed between the nitrogenous bases on opposite strands of DNA? | Hydrogen bond. |
| Double helix is? | A pair of parallel helices intertwined about a common axis |
| What is RNA? | Singe stranded structure that is composed of a long chain of nucleotide monomers. It's a copy of DNA info that can leave the nucleus. FACILITATOR for the synthesis of proteins by using the information from DNA. |
| Define proteins. | Enzymes that catalyze chemical reactions. |
| What is known as transcription? | RNA molecule is copied from a DNA segment (gene)- this is a complimentary RNA strand. |
| What is translation? | Nucleotide base sequence in mRNA code for the sequence of amino acids to be assembled into a protein (polypeptide). |
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