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Middle and Older Adulthood

QuestionAnswer
The telomere-telomerase hypothesis is based on what in the genetic theory of aging? a finite number of cell division is possible, so cellular death is preprogrammed..
cardiac output begins to decrease, loss of calcium from bones, fatigue increases, visual acuity decreases, muscle mass, strength and agility decreases physical changes in middle adulthood
The immune response declines resulting in more infections, immune disorders and cancer supports what theory of development? the immunity theory of aging
Organisms wear out from increased metabolic functioning and cells become exhausted is what theory of aging? The stochastic theory: The wear and tear theory
The cross-linkage theory of aging states what? a chemical reaction produces damage to the DNA and cell death
The free radical theory of aging states: Free radicals form during cellular metabolism resulting in inappropriate electron pairings disrupting cell membranes affecting DNA and protein synthesis.
Providing ongoing support for adult children while simultaneously caring for their aging family members is what? Generational sandwich
Common health problems of middle adulthood include what? alcoholism, liver and kidney disease, arthritis, malignant neoplasms, cardiovascular diseases, injury, depression, suicide, diabetes, COPD, cerebrovascular diseases
What education should the nurse focus on for middle adulthood patients? Health screenings, exams, immunizations, low fat low salt diet, regular exercise, dangers of alcohol, smoking and substance misuse
Health related screenings for the aging adult should include what? physical exams, cancer screenings, visual exams, immunizations
Normal physiologic changes of older adults include what? decreased skin elasticity, muscle mass and strength decrease, blood flow to the kidneys decreases, digestive juices diminish, nutritional absorption decreases, pulmonary elasticity and ciliary action decreases, diminished hearing acuity, slowing of mobility
Sarcopenia The loss of muscle mass that is part of the natural aging process
Ageism is a form of prejudice where older adults are stereotyped and discriminated against.
The greatest threat to the health of older adults is what? The loss of the physiologic reserve of the various organ systems.
A sense of being alone and lonely as a result of having fewer meaningful relationships is referred to as what? Social isolation
The use of many medications at the same time poses many hazards for the older adult population Polypharmacy
The combination of institutions, culture, history, ideology and codified practices that generate and perpetuate in equity among racial and ethnic groups Structural racism
Poverty, chronic illness, and difficulty accessing the health care system make older adults much more vulnerable to what? a diminished quality of life caused by disease
What are the causes of accidental injury in older adults? changes in vison and hearing, loss of mass and strength of muscles, slower reflexes and reaction time, decreased sensory ability, economic factors, combo of chronic illness and medications
An intentional act or failure to act by a caregiver or another person in a relationship involving an expectation of trust that causes or creates a risk of harm to an older adult elder abuse definition
Assessment and information gathering about sleep disorders, problems with eating or feeding, incontinence, confusion, evidence of falls, and skin breakdown is The Fulmer SPICES tool that is effective in identifying common problems experienced by older adults that can lead to negative outcomes
General health promotion activities for the nurse to teach the elderly patient and caregivers includes what? Eating a diet that includes all the food groups; low in fat, saturated fat, and cholesterol that balances calories with physical activity. Make exercise part of the daily activity, Do not smoke and drink alcohol in moderation;
An acute onset of deficits of attention, awareness and cognition that resolves after treatment for an underlying cause is called what? Delirium
Nursing actions to promote sleep and rest in an older adult includes Discourage excessive napping, assess normal rising and bedtime routine, medication use, effects of pain and history of depression or anxiety
Promoting health related to activity and exercise in the older adult population includes what? Assess the ability to walk, ensure assistive devices are available, uncluttered environment, adequate lighting, slow the pace of care and allow extra time to carry out tasks, consider effects of illness, surgery, medications and changes in diet and fluid intake on strength and motor function.
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