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hypoparathyroidism
the effects on other systems
Question | Answer |
---|---|
What are the effects on the cardiovascular system? | Decreased contractility and cardiac output, dysrhythmias. |
What are the effects on the GI and Urinary systems? | Abdominal cramps, urinary incontinence, fecal incontinence, and urinary frequency |
What are the effects on the Integumentary System? | Dry, scaly skin; hair loss on the body and scalp; brittle nails with transverse ridges; and changes in developing teeth, loss of tooth enamel. |
What are the effects on the Musculoskeletal system? | Fatigue, weakness, painful muscle cramps, skeletal x-ray changes, soft-tissue calcification, and difficulty walking. |
What are the effects on the Nervous system? | Personality changes, depression, anxiety, irritability, memory impairment, headache, seizures, positive Chvostek's and Trousseau's sign, tremor, paresthesias, hyperactive deep tendon reflexes, disorientation and confusion. |
What are the effects on vision/eyes? | Cataracts |
What is the pathophysiology of hypoparathyroidism? | Decreased PTH leads to hypocalcemia which leads to neuromuscular irritability and spasms. |
What are the usual causes of hypoparathyroidism? | The result of damage during surgery, radioactive iodine therapy, metastases, removal of the gland, genetic defects, autoimmune disorder, or hypomagnesemia r/t alcoholism or malabsorption that impairs the PTH secreation. |